Tomato Chin Dan

Tomato chu enge a nih?

Botanical Hming   : Lycopersicn esculentum Mill.
Family                    : Solanaceae
Origin                     : South America.

• Tomato hi thlai zing a ngaihhlut hlawh ber pakhat a ni a, khawvel pumpuiah an ching in an ei thin a ni.
• Vaitamin leh minerals min pe tu thlai zing a pawimawh ber pakhat a ni.  
• England ah chuan duat takin ‘Love of apple’ tiin a hming an phuah a.
• India ramah erawh chuan an ngaihlut em avangin ‘Poor man’s orange’ tiin an koh thin thung.

FU CHIN DAN

Fu hi thlai pawimawh tak zing a mi a ni a. Khawvel a Chini kan ei 78.2% zet mai hi fu anga kan hmuh a ni. India ram a thlai chin nan a ram kan hman 3.36% ngawt mai hi fu hian a awh a ni. India ram a fu chin nasat zualna ram te chu – Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra leh Gujarat te hi an ni.

PESTICIDES HMAN DAN:

Pesticides kan tih hian thlai eichhetu rannung, hmuar (natna) emaw hlo (weeds) tihlumtu emaw dotu kan ti thei awm e. Pesticides hi group hrang hrangah thenhran ani a. Chungte zinga larzualte chu:

 

1. Insecticides    :    Rannung control-na

2. Fungicides     :    Hmuar (Fungi) leh bacteria control-na

3. Weedicides or herbicides  : Hlo emaw hnim control-na

 

4. Rodenticides  :   Zuva control-na

5: Nematicides   :   nematode control-tu

6: Antibiotics etc.....

KIWI CHIN DAN LEH ENKAWL ZUI DAN

Sap hming : Kiwi Fruit

Scientific hming : Actinidia deliciosa

Family hming : Actinidiaceae

 

Kiwi thei hi kum 1960 hma lam kha chuan “China Sunhlu” tih hlir a hriat leh koh thin an ni a. China ram deuh chauh ah a awm thin a ni nghe nghe. 1960 hnulamah erawh chuan New Zealand ramah an ching nasa em em a, khawvel hriat a a lo lar chhuahna pawh New Zealand zawk hi a lo ni ta a ni. New Zealand mite hian an ram a sava chikhat “Kiwi”an tih mai, hmul tlem te nei leh rawng uk deuh nen a he thei hi a in an em avangin ‘Kiwi Thei” tiin a hming an vuah a, he thei ching nasa leh ti lar tute an nih bawk avangin “Kiwi Thei” tih hi khawvel in kan lo hriat dan chu a ni ta a ni. New Zealand ram mite hian an ngaihsan em avang leh sum lak luh nan an hman nasat em avangin an ram chhinchhiahna thlai ah hial an lo hmang ta a ni.

Thei Zar Hlawi Dan leh Enkawl Dan

CANOPY MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT TREES

            Pruning chu thlai a zar leh a kung thenkhat hlawi leh sahthlak hi a ni ber a, chumi kan tih nachhan chu thlai pianzia a lo dik zawk nan te, a than a that zawk nan te, a par leh a rah a lo tam nan te, thlai rah tui zawk kan neih theih nan leh thingkung zar tha lo siamthat nan te ani. Thingkung chu a zar hlawi (Pruning) tel lova than tir tawp mai chuan a rah te a tlem duh bik a, chuvang chuan a zar hlawi ngei mai hi a tha viau ani.

Thlai thenkhat erawh chuan zar hlawi an mamawh lem lova, a bikin khawlum thlai (Tropical Fruit Crops), a hnah tlakawlh ngailo chi, entirnan theihai te ang chi hi chu a zar hlawi miah lo pawh in tha tak in a rah thei thin a, a zar chhia leh rannung remaw natna in a ei te chauh paih thin ani.

Thlai Tan a Leitha Hman Tur Leh Hman Dan

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

C. Lalhriatpuia

Dy. Project Director

ATMA

Champhai District

            Thlai te pawh hi mihring leh ran te ang tho a chaw tha mamawh an ni a. An taksa bung hrang leh a hnah leh a rah tha tak a insiam tur chuan chaw tha tak kan pek ve thin hi kan tih tur pawimawh tak te zing a mi a ni awm e.

            Thlai te tha tak a an than theih nan a hnuai a tar lan ang te hi an mamawh a-

1) Carbon

2) Hydrogen          Pek ngai lovin boruak atangin an hmu thin.

3) Oxygen

4) Nitrogen

5) Phosphorus Primary nutrients

6) Pottassium

7) Calcium

8) Magnesium   Secondary nutrients

9) Sulphur

10) Iron

11) Manganese

12) Zine

13) Copper            Micro nutrients

14) Boron

15) Molybdenum

16) Chloride 

17) Sodium

Vaimim Chin Dan

Common name: Maize, Corn

Mizo hming: Vaimim

Scientific name: Zea mays L.

Family: Poaceae

             

Vaimim hi Buh tih lo-ah chuan Mizote thlai chin tam ber a ni awm e. Vaimim hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, chungte chu: Char-ei, Mimban, Puakzo (Zea mays var. everta), Khalkha (Project Vaimim) leh Mimbanlo te a ni. Khalkha hi India state dangah te an ching ber a, hei hi ranchaw atana hman ber a ni. 

Vaimim chin dan chu kan hre theuhvin a rinawm a, amaherawhchu, thar hlawk zawk tura hriattur thenkhatte erawh kan hre vek kher lo mai thei. Heta Vaimim chin dan ziak hi kan ram tlangramah chuan a hman tak tak theih lo anga (hman theih lo mahse a chin dan nawlpui a hriat theih awm e), leilet-ah erawh a hman theih thung ang.

Mizoram Thlai Pawimawh Leh Langsar Zual Deuh Te

                Khawvel hmasawnna leh changkannain a kentel a ni chek anga, kan thalai tam tak zingah pawh kan thlai chin thinte a Mizo hming pawh hre lo kan tam ta hle mai. Kan thlai chin thin te hriat hran a awlsam nan a thlalak nen tarlan a ni a, chhiartuten in hlawkpui ngei kan beisei.

1. BUH
Common name: Paddy, Rice
Scientific name: Oryza sativa L.
Family: Poaceae
             Mizote thinlungah Buh leh Chaw tih hian inkungkaihna tha tak a nei awm e; a chhan chu Buh tello chuan Chaw ei-ah pawh kan inngai lo a, puar lo riaua inhriatna kan neih thin avangin. Buh a telloh avang hian kan puarlo a ni lo a, puar lo a kan inhriatna vang mai mai chauh a ni e, hei hi psychological function of food tiin an sawi thin.

SAWHTHING EICHHETU RANNUNG LEH A NATNA LAKA VEN LEH ENKAWL DAN

Sawhthing (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Family: Zingiberaceae)

Sawhthing
File photo: netherbs.com

Sawhthing hi sumchang thlai chin pawimawh tak pakhat a ni a. Kan ramah pawh kan ching nasa hle a, kan chin tam hu ang chuan kan thar hlawk lo hle thung. Kan thar hlawkloh chhan hrang hrang awm mah se, a eichhetu rannung leh natna vang hi a ni tlangpui thin. Chung eichhetu rannung leh natna laka ven leh enkawl dan chu tawite-in i lo tarlang dawn teh ang.

SERTHLUM CHINDAN

SERTHLUM CHINDAN

Hming: Serthlum

Sap hming: Mandarin

Scientific Name: Citrus reticulata

Family: Rutaceae

            Mandarin / Serthlum hi India ramah chuan ser (Citrus) zing a chin tam ber a ni a. Ser lam chi kan chin zawng zawng zing a za zel a sawmnga (50%) hi serthlum hian a awh a ni. Serthlum hi India ram state tin ah chin ni mahse a thar tam zual state an awm a, Nagpur Santra (Serthlum chikhat) bik hi India ram lai li (Central India) Satpura tlangdung vel ah an ching nasa hle mai a. Darzeeling tlang dung velah leh Karnataka ah te pawh serthlum hi an ching nasa hle bawk a ni. India khawthlang lam - Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir velah chuan Kinnow serthlum an ching nasa hle bawk. India hmarchhak lam Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Sikkim leh Arunachal Pradesh ah te pawh serthlum hi thahnem tak kan ching mek a ni.  

Boruak leh Lei Mamawh Dan:

            Serthlum hian khawvawt lutuk lo leh khawlum lutuk lo, vur in a hmeh lohna tur boruak a mamawh a. Tlangram hmun sang deuh, 370 - 1500 meter (above MSL) vel a hmun sang ah an tha duh hle a. Khawlum lam 10 - 35 degree Celsius vel hi a mamawh tawk a ni. India ram hmun dang zawng zawng aiin NE India (India hmarchhak lam) ah serthlum hi a tha duh bik a ngaih a ni. A rawng a mawi bik bakah serthlum pawh a tui duh bik a ni.

Serthlum hi lei chi hrang hrang ah chin theih mahse; lei thawl lam, leitha hmun lei ban lutuk lo a mamawh a. Tui tlin theih lohna hmun, lei al lutuk lo leh thur lutuk lo (pH 6.0 - 8.0) vel a mamawh a ni.

Serthlum chi hrang hrang te -

1. Coorg Serthlum: India khawthlang lamah chuan serthlum chin nasat ber a ni. Serthlum thang duang tak, hnah nghah tak leh hling nei chi a ni. February - March velah a hmin thin.

2. Khasi Serthlum: Hetiang serthlum hi India hmarchhak lamah kan ching nasa hle, a bikin Assam ah leh Meghalaya ah te. Sikkim serthlum ti in emaw Kamala Serthlum toih pawh in an koh thin bawk a ni. A kung a lian vak lova, hnah ngah tak a ni a, hling nei chi leh nei lo chi pawh a awm bawk a ni.

3. Nagpur Serthlum: Serthlum tui tak a ni a, khawvel a serthlum tui ber pawl ni te pawh in an chhal hian thin. Ponkan tih hming pawh in an koh thin a ni. January - February vel ah a lawh theih thin.

4. Kinnow Serthlum: Thlahpawlh (Hybrid) a ni a, King leh Willow leaf serthlum thlahpawlh a ni. USA lam chhuak niin Punjab ramah lakluh hmasak ber a ni. January thlalai hawl velah a hmin thin.

Serthlum Chin Pun Dan:

            Serthlum hi a chi atang a tih pun a ni deuh ber a, Kinnow leh Nagpur tih loh chu. India hmarchhak, Coorg leh Assam ah te chuan a chi tiak hi kan phun ber thin. Mahse khawvel thiamna sang zel ah serthlum rah tui tha leh hmelmawi tak neih kan duh theuh avang in a chi atang a chin hi kan bansan hret hret zel a ni.

A Chi atang a chin dan: Serthlum tha tak nei tur chuan Serthlum chi tha, hmin rual tak, a kung tha leh rah tui bik atangin a chi kan la tur a ni. Serthlum chi chu kan lak chhuah velah vaivut emaw mei vap nen han nuai pawlh ila, chu mi zawh ah dai hlim ah kan dah ro leh ang. Serthlum chi chu rang tak a chin mai zel tur a ni a, serthlum chi tharlam tak chauh hman tur a ni. A chi chu 2 - 3cm a inkar hlat ah thlak thin tur a ni. Thlakhat hnu velah a lo tiak tan thin. Serthlum chi hi polyembryonic a ni a, a chi dik tak lo to chhuak hi a than a thut bik bakah a rah a tha duh lo deuh bik a, chuvang chuan a tiah velah paih fai thin mai tur a ni. A chi tha chauh zuah a phun sawn thin tur a ni.

Budding hmang a chin pun dan: Budding dan hrang hrang zing ah T - budding hi hman lar zual a ni a. Budding ah chuan a zung lam (Rootstock) tur leh a kung lam (Scion) tur te lak tel a ngai thin. Rough Lemon, Rangpu lime, Cleopatra, Troyer Citrange leh Karna Khatta te hi a zung lam (Root stock) atan a hman a tha hle a, lei chhe hmun leh serthlum tam leh natna hrang hrang lakah serthlum a veng thei thin a ni.

            A kung tur (scion) lamah chuan Serthlum tha bik, a rah tui leh rah tam kan hmang tur a ni a. A scion kan lakna tur kungpui pawh hrisel tha tak, natna lak a fihlim leh thang duang tak kan hmang tur a ni.

SERTHLUM CHIN DAN

A phun dan: A tlangpuiin serthlum hi fur lai emaw fur hma hret a phun thin a ni a. Tlangram leh hmun awih tlan deuh ah chuan terrace siam in serthlum hi phun thin a tha hle a, hmun zawl ah erawh chuan terrace siam kher lo in lei rual rem tha tak ah phun thin a ni. Serthlum chu khur laih a phun tur a ni a, a khur chu 50cm X 50cm X 50cm vel a thuk leh zau in, a kil zau zawng leh thui zawng in chen vek a laih thin a ni. A khur leh khur inkar ah 4.5 - 6 meter a zau hmunawl kan zuah thin tur a ni. Chutiang a kan phun chuan ram tin 2 leh a chanve hmun ah serthlum kung 350 vel kan nei thei dawn a ni. India hmarchhak lamah chuan Khasi serthlum kan tih te khi bichilh tak a phun thin a ni a, 4.5 m vel a khur inkar ah hmun awl zuah thin a nih avang in ser kung a leng tam deuh bik thin a, kung 500 lai te pawh a leng thei a ni. Punjab leh Haryana ah chuan a khur inkar hi 5m X 4.5 m hi Kinnow serthlum chin na a tan a tha tawk hle a ngaih a ni. Kinnow serthlum te hi a zung lam a Troyer Citrange hman a nih chuan bichilh tak a phun pawhin a tha hle ni a hriat a ni a, 1.8 m X 1.8 m vel a khur in kar a zuah in serthlum kung 3000 lai a phun theih thin a ni. Hetiang hi High Density Planting tih hming vuah a ni a, serthlum rah pawh a tui viau thin nghe nghe.

Train dan leh A zar thlak dan:  Serthlum kung chu duhthusam ah chuan sang lutuk tur a ni lova. Hetiang serthlum nei tur chuan a zar thlak leh hrem a pawimawh hle mai. Serthlum kung chu a la naupan laiin kan train in a zar tangkai lo tur te kan paih fai tur a ni a, a lo len hun ah zar mumal tak leh enkawl awlsam tak pawh a neih theih phah thin a ni. Serthlum kungpui ah chuan zar mumal tak, a pui deuh bik tur tha tak 4 - 6 kan siam thin tur a ni a. A zar hniam ber chu lei atang a teh a 50 cm a sang tal a ni bawk tur a ni. Serthlum kung a lo puitlin tawh chuan a zar thlak ngai a awm meuh tawh lova. Chuvang chuan a naupan laiin uluk tak in a kung than len dan tur kan duang lawk thin tur a ni. A puitlin tawh hnu ah chuan a zar chhe lai te, rannung leh natna in a ei chhiat te, a zar in nawt thei leh a zar chak lo bik te chauh kan paih fai tawh tur a ni.Water sprout leh suckers te erawh paih fai reng thin tur a ni. A zarthlak hi a kung a la naupan lai chuan engtik hunah pawh tih theih a ngaih a ni a, mahse serkung a rah tawh erawh chuan thlasik tawp lam leh khawlum tan lamah te chauh a zar thlak thin tur a ni.

Leitha pek dan tur: Serthlum kung te hian rah tha tak chhuah tur chuan leitha leh fertilizer te nen a mamawh tawk chauh a chawm a mamawh ve a. Leitha leh fertilizer te uluk leh fimkhur tak a pek loh chuan serthlum kungin a chhiat phah vek thei thung a ni.

            Serthlum in a mamawh tawk leitha pek dan tur duan fel hi thil hriatthiam har tak a ni a, lei dinhmun a zir a nih avang in leitha hmun ah chuan fertilizer pek a ngaih tlem laiin lei a that loh chuan fertilizer a mamawh tam thung a. Hetiang hi a nih avang in hmun hrang hrang ah lei tha an mamawh dan a dang zel a ni.

            Akhur chhilh laiin bawngek leitha 20 - 25kg leh 0.4 CAN te lei nen a chawhpawlh a chhilh nan a hman tel a tha hle a. Serthlum kung phun hnu kumkhatna ah chuan NPK 90gm vel pek thin a tha a, serthlum kung chu a upat hnu ah kan leitha pek pawh kan ti tam telh telh tur a ni a, kum sarih an nih tawh chuan 450g NP leh 900g K tek tawh tur a ni a, kum sarih ai a upa an nih thleng pawh in hei hi pek tawh tur a ni.

            Serkung kumkhatna ah chuan bawngek leitha hi vawikhat chauh pek a tawk a, a lo upat hnuah erawh vawi 2 - 3 te pawh pek a tha hle a ni. Fertilizer kan pek in P leh K te chu vawikhatah a dose pek zawh nghal mai tur a nih laiin N fertilizer erawh vawi hnih vawi thum pek ah kan hmang thin tur a ni. India ram hmun then khat ah chuan bawngek leitha hi kumkhatah vawihnih an pe thin a, June ah vawi khat leh a vawi hnihna chu a rah lawh hnu December emaw January ah te an pe leh thin. Fertilizer pek dan tur hi a kung bul ah, a kung atang a feet khat vel a hla ah a bial / kual in kan pe mai tur a ni. Fertilizer pek zawh velah tui pek nghal a tha hle mai.

Thlai Dang Chin Pawlh / Intercropping: Serthlum kung inkarah thlai dang chin pawlh hian sum hmuhna dang min siam bakah hnim to tur te a veng a, lei a tih hnawn bakah leitha luang ral tur te a veng tel thin a ni. Chuvang chuan thlaidang chin pawlh theih tur ngaihven hi a tha hle mai. Thai chin pawlh tur chi chu a zung kaih thuk lo chi leh rei tak dam lo tur chi te ni thei se. Be lam chi te hi chin pawlh tur chi tak a ni. Serthlum in rah a chhuah tawh erawh chuan thlai dang nen a chin pawlh tawh loh a tha thung a ni.

Tui pek dan tur: Tui a mamawh tawk chauh a pek tur a ni a, lei a ro lutuk in thlai a that theih loh ang chiah in tui tam leh lutuk pek chu thlai tan a tha chuang lo a ni. Serthlum kung hian thlai leh thei dang te aiin tui a mamawh hnem bik hle a, a chhan ber chu kumtluan a hring reng leh hnah tlak hun a neih ve loh vang a ni. Thlasik laiin tui ni 10 - 15 inkar dan ah pek thin tur a nih laiin nipui lai chuan ni 5 - 7 inkarah tui pek thin tur a ni.

            Serthlum zung hi 120cm vel a zau leh 25 cm vel a thuk ah a bit deuh bik avangin tui tam leh lutuk vawikhat a pek teuh hi a kung in a ngeih lo thin a. Serthlum par insiam tan tirh, a rah insiam tan tirh leh tan lai te in tui pek ngei ngei tur a ni. Serthlum hian tui tling a haw em em a, chuvang chuan tui tlin theihna tur awm ang serkung bulah khuar lian leh lei rualrem lo chu siam that zel thin tur a ni.

Hlo Thlawh Dan tur: Hnim leh hlo te hian ser huan leh nursery te a bawm nasa duh hle a. Hnim leh hlo tam tak chu tuthlawh te leh kut te pawh a pawh chhuah mawlh mawlh mai tur a ni. Damdawi hmang a hlo kah pawh a tha hle mai a. Damdawi Hlo tur chi hrang hrang a awm teuh mai a, chung zing ah chuan Diuron, Bromosil  leh Atrazine te hi an hmang uar viau a ni. Glyphosate hi hnah tung chi thah nan a tha hle bawk a ni.

A Rah lawh dan tur:

            Serthlum rah chu a lawh hun dik tak ah chauh lawh tur a ni. A rah lawh hun dik a lawh hian hlep a tam duh bik bakah a rah pawh a dah rei theih bik a ni. Thlai dang ang lo takin serthlum rah hi dah hmin theih a ni ve lova. A rah chu lian tha tak, rawng mawi tak leh thlum tui tawk chauh ah lawh thin tur a ni a, India ramah pawh a rah lawh hun a in ang lo nual a, a hnuai a mi ang hian -

Region                                                Main crop                              Off season

North Western Plains                          Dec - Feb                                      

North Eastern India                            Nov - February                        April - May

Central India                                       February - March                    Oct. - Nov.

South India                                         Dec - April                              July - August

            Sawi tawh ang in a rah lawh hun dik a lawh chuan a rah a dah that theih rei bik a. A rah lawh leh phurh kual vel laiin a rah hliam loh hram hram tur a ni. A zar atang a pawh thlawn tawp hian a kawr then khat kan pawh hliam thin avang in natna hrang hrang te'n an bawm zui duh viau a, chuvang chuan chem hriam tak nen a a hnun nen a zai chhun hi a finthlak hle a ni.

            Serthlum hian Kum 4 a nih vel atangin rah a chhuah tan thin a, mahse rah a chhuah hnem hun lai ber chu kum 10 a tlin hnu lam ah a ni thin.