Panhnah (Betel Vine) Chin dan

Requested by: R Vanram Mawia

Common Name : Betel Vine

Mizo Name : Pan-hnah

Scientific Name : Piper betel 

Family : Piperaceae

Origin : Malaysia

Pan-hnah hi Mizo ten kan ei nasa em em a, kuhva rah nen, chinat nen kan ei thin a. Hei mai bakah hian lawng-par, coconut leh zarda te pawlh in tui ti tak in kan ei thin. Pan-hnah tih lai tak 'pan' tih hi Vai ho in an koh dan kan lak chhawn niin ka hria. Panhnah hi 'aromatic' (thlai rimtui chi) chikhat a ni a, pan-hnah hian hriak a pai a, chu hriak chu a rimtui viau a ni awm e. Panhnah hriak hi 'Hydro-distillation, Steam distillation' te hmang in a lak chhuah theih a, chutiang hriak lak chhuah tawh sa chu Litre khatah Rs. 80,000 man te a ni a, a man a to em avang hian hmun tam takah chuan ei atan chauh ni lovin a hriak lak chhuah atan te pawh an ching thin a ni. A hriak hi hman tangkai-na a tam em em a, cosmetics lam leh thil rimtui tak tak siam nan an hmang fo thin a ni.

Composition:

Tui 85.4%, Protein 3.1%, Thau/fat 0.8%, Carbohydrates 6.7% fibre 2.3%, minerals 2.3%, sugar 0.38% - 1.46% leh vitamin chi hrang hrang bak ah Iodine pawh a pai hnem viau a. Mihring in amino acids kan mamawh deuh zawng zawng a pai bawk a ni. Hei vang hian thlai hrisel ta a ni tih kan hre thei mai ang chu.

Hriak rimtui 0.7 - 2.6% thleng a pai bawk thin a ni. Pan-hnah hi a mah ngau ngau chuan thlai hrisel tak a ni a, Kuhva rah (Areca catechu) pawh hi thlai hrisel tak a ni bawk a. Mahse he tia kan chinai te nen a ei pawlh hi chuan chinai (Calcium carbonate) hi pumpui tan a tha lova, a hrisel lo viau an ti. Amaherawh chu Pan-hnah leh kuhva-rah chauh hi ei thei ila, chinai hi ei tel lo ila chuan taksa tan a hrisel tak a ni tih erawh chu a chiang reng mai a ni.

Khaw lum leh vawt mamawh dan:

Panhnah hi khawlum lam a chin chi a ni a, khulum lutuk lo leh khawvawt lutuk lo hi a ngaih tawk boruak a ni. Daihlim hnuai a chin chi niin nisa a tuar thei lo viau tih hriat a tha awm e. Ruah tlak tamna hmun-ah a tha duh bik a, tui a mamawh hnem avangin lei leh boruak ro lutuk ah chuan a tha thei lo a ni. Hmun hniam lam a chin chi thlai a nih avangin Mizoram thlang lam lo-ah chuan a tha mawh viau niin an sawi a, North East India ah chuan Assam khu a ching nasa ber ram an ni a, India ram hrim hrim-ah chuan tuifinriat hnaih deuh, hmun hniam lam Kerela te khu a ching nasa ber ber te an ni.

Pan-hnah hian nisa a tuar theih loh avangin daihlim hmun a chin tur a ni a. Nisa lo dang turin thing dang nen a phun pawlh hi an tih dan thin a ni. Hmun tam takah chuan nisa lo dang turin mau hnah lakkhawm leh di hmang te in a chinna hmun chu chung khuh neiin an siam thin a. A hming atan Bajera System an ti thin a ni, ahnuai a milem a mi ang hian- 

Source: Indian Journal of History of Science

Lei mamawh dan:

Pan-hnah hi lei dur lam deuh, hnim hnah tawih tamna hmun a chin tur a ni a, lei ban lutuk ah chuan chin loh tur. Lei al ah a tha thei lova, tui tlin theih-na hmun ah a tha thei lo tih hriat a, tui tlin theihna reng reng chu siam that a, tui tling thei lo in siam vat thin tur a ni.

A chin dan:

Pan-hnah hi thlai enkawl uluk leh duat mamawh tak mai thlai a ni reuh a. Uluk tak a enkawl a mamawh a ni. Pan-hnah chinna hmun chuan tui a mamawh tawk a hmuh theihna turin tui a khat tawk pek deuh reng a mamawh a. Awm ze nei tak a, ril ngil siam a chin hi a tha ber a, thlaiin a that pui bakah enkawl a awmsam phah em em a ni. Tui a tlin loh nan tui hawk luanna tur siam a ngai a, panhnah kung tlar thum dan zelah tui hawk luanna siam zel mai a fin thlak ang.

Panhnah hi a chi (seeds) atang nilovin cuttings atang a chin thin a ni a. Cuttings tih chu panhnah chin tawhsa, a puitling tawh kha a zar tha lai deuh thlan a tan bun mai tur a ni a. A zar tha lai deuh, pencil tiat vel a lian, hrisel tha tak chu tawng chen vel a seiin kan tan bung hmawk a nga. A lu lam leh a mawng lam chhin chhiah tur a ni a. Chutia kan tan bun tawh sa chu lei-ah fiv bur chawt mai tur. Thuk lutuk emaw pawn lang lutuk emaw a vih bur loh tur a ni a, kut zungtang chen vel a thuk a vih bur tur. A lu lam zawng a vih bur chuan a thi mai thin, chuvang in fimkhur a tha hle. Chu tia kan vih bur tawh chu tui a tawk chauh a pek chuan thla khat hnu vel-ah zung a lo chhuah tawh mai a ni. Hmun changkang deuh ah chuan Chemical chikhat, IBA an hmang thin a, hei mi hman hi chuan zung a chhuah awlsam in zung a chhuah hnem a, thlai tan a tha em em mai a ni. He mi chungchang hi Lonei tuten hriat chian induh chuan a hranin post kan la siam leh mai dawn nia. 

A kung in kar hlat zawng:

Spacing
20 cm
30 cm (1 ft)
45 cm (11/2 ft)

Enkawl zui zel dan:

Kar thum hnu vel ah pan-hnah chu a lo thangtha thawkhat tawh. Thlakhat hnu velah chuan hnah a rawn chhuah tan tawh thin. He mi hnu ah hi chuan thiam tak in a hnah chuang liam leh a zar then khat then fai reng a ngai tawh dawn a ni. Tin, kan sawi tawh-ah khian ziah belh la ngai chu pan-hnah hi a zam a zam chi thlai a nih avangin a zamna uluk tak a siam a ngai thin a. Thil phel emaw, mau phel in a zmna hi an siam ber thin a. Chutiang nih loh chuan thlai dang nen a phun pawlh in, heng coconut leh kuhvarah kung-ah te hian an zam tir thin a ni.

Lowering/ A kung tan tawi:

Pahnah hi thlai thang duang tak a nih avang in kar loh-ah thui tak tak a thang thin a. He tia a than vak vak hi thlai tan a tha lo a, a hnah lawh pawh a ti har em em thin a, chu mai bakah a hnah a lo te in a thar a ti tlem thin a ni. Chuvangin pan-hnah chu hlam thum vel (3 metres) vel a sei a chung lam zawng a chen tawh chuan a zik ah tan bun in a ai a sang a than chhoh tir toh miah loh tur a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu panhnah kung sang tak te hi an dam rei lo bik a, chu mai bakah a hnah lawh a harsa mai mai a ni. A zik tan bun ai a tha chu pahnah in hlam thum a tlin tawh chuan a zik lam chu kawih thlak a, a bial a zial tur a ni a, chu mi chu leiah phum mai tur a ni. He tia tih hi that bik-na chu panhnah a ti hlawk niin mithiam te'n an sawi a ni.

Nipui laiin Lowering hi tih thin tur a ni.

Lei tha pek dan tur:

Pan-hnah hi hnah chhuah tam thei tur chuan chaw tha a mamawh hnem em em a, chutiang chaw tha a hmuh nan chuan Lei tha (fertilizers) kan pek hi tih makmawh a ni tih hriat tur. 

Bawngek leitha (Farm Yard Manure) Kg. 500 vel hi pan-hnah hmun tinkhat leh a chan ve hmun (1 hectare) atan pek tur a ni a, lei nen uluk tak a leh pawlh hnu- ni 25 vel-ah chauh panhnah chin tur a ni.

Bawngek leitha bakah Nitrogen Kg. 150, Phosphorus Kg. 100 leh Potassium Kg. 50 te kum tin pan-hnah hmun ah kan then thin tur a ni a. Nitrogen bik hi vawi hnih pek a a hmang in, ka pek hmasak atang a ni 45 velah a vawi hnihna pek leh thin tur a ni.

A hnah lawh dan tur:

Phun atang a thla riatna vel atangin a thar hma pawl chu a lawh theih tawh a. A thar tlai deuh chu Kum 2 vel atang chauh a lawh theih chi te pawh a ni thin. Kum khat chhung in vawi 4 - 5 te a hnah an lo hman thin a. A hralhna tur a zirin nitin a lawh pawh tih dan tlang lawn a ni tho mai.

Panhnah hi uluk tak a lawh tur a ni a, a kung ti hliam zawng a pawh hik te hi tih loh tawp tur a ni. Kut zungpui tin emaw chem hriam takin a hnah hnun-ah fel fai tak a sih chhum tur a ni a. He tia kut zungpui tin a han sih chhum hian kung zung pui a na duh em em a, lawh tur a tam phei chuan, chuvang in hmun then khatah chuan a lawhna tur bik a siam, kut zung pui a bun chi thil hriam tak an siam a, chu chuan an lo mai thin a ni.

Phun atang a kum 1-na ah hi chuan a thar a tlem deuh a, a kum hnihna atangin a thar a tam tan a, a kung a tar deuh hnu ah a thar a tlem leh thin a ni. Dan naran in Kum khat chhungin pahnah hmun 1 hectare ah panhnah 35,000,000 - 5,000,000 a tam te an lo hman thin a ni.

Source: Google

Carrot chin dan

Requested by: Rela Mignolet Anfield Pautu

Common Name : Carrot

Scientific Name : Daucus carota

Family : Umbellifarae

Origin : Afghanistan 

Carrot hi thlasik thlai zing a pakhat a ni a. Vitamin - A a pai hnem a (826 IU). Ramhmul damdawi a tan hmun tam tak a hman a ni a, rulhut pai tan a tha ni a sawi a ni a, natna hrik (bacteria) ti hlum tu tha tak niin sawi a ni bawk a. Carrot ei tam hian zun a ti tam a, mihring taksa a Uric acid awm paih chhuah na hmanrua tha tak ni a sawi a ni bawk a ni.

Boruak mamawh dan:

Khaw vawt thlai a ni a. Carrot chi (varieties) thenkhat chu khawlum tuar thei tur a duan pawh a awm tho mai. A chi tiak tur a boruak a mamawh tawk chu 7.2°C - 23.9°C inkar hi a ni. Carrot hi boruak vawh lam 10 – 15.6°C inkar ah a thar a hlawk bik bakah a lian tha bik a, mamawh a rawng a dal deuh a, sen ser sawr hmel mawi tak kha chu a ni lo thin. Khawvawh lam 15.6°C – 21.1°C inkar ah hian carrot hmel a mawiin a rawng a tak tha bik thin a, a thar erawh a hma a mi aiin a tlem zawk. Wendt (1979) in a zirchianna-ah chuan 15°C vel a boruak daiah carrot than a tha in an hrisel a, 20 - 25°C inkar-ah carrot a lian duhin a thar a hlawk niin a ziak. Carrot chin nan hian hmun tam tak ah chuan leitha aiin a boruak mamawh tawk a pawimawh zawk niin ngaih a ni. 21.1 - 26.7°C inkar-ah thlai thang duh viau mahse par erawh a chhuah lo thin, hei vang hian Carrot chi lak nan chuan khawvawt tak chauh a hman theih a ni. Khaw lum lutuk ah chuan carrot zung a tawi bik a, a chhah bik bakah tui a pai tlem a, a rawng pawh a dal deuh bik a ni. Khaw vawt ah (10-15°C) chuan carrot zung a sei tha a, a tuihnang zawk bawk a ni.

Lei mamawh dan: 

Carrot hian lei tui tling lo a ngaina a, lei thuk tha tak leh dur tha a mamawh a. Lei al emaw thur lutuk ah chin loh tur a ni (pH 5.5 - 7.0). Lei dur tha tak, lung nawi leh lei hraw lutuk awm lohna a chin chi a ni a, lei sak lutuk a chin chuan carrot zung in lei a tawn tlang that theih lo avang in carrot thar a tha thei lo. Chu tih rualin lei nem leh lutuk a chin pawh in harsatna a siam thei a ni.

A chin hun: 

North India lamah chuan August thla atang a December thla tir lam thlengin a chin hunlai a ni a. Tlangram-ah erawh chuan March - August thleng in an ching thin thung. (He lai hi sawi fiah deuh a ngai a, Lehkhabu a tlangram a tih hian Himalayan Hills ho - Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh tih vel hi an sawina a ni tlangpui thin a, heng ho hi chu an boruak a vawt em em a. Mizoram leh NE-India lam a tlang ram vel hi a huam vel loh avangin kei ni ram ang tan chuan North India ho chin hun tawmpui hi a fuh deuh ber in ka hria).

Huan tin 2 leh a chanve hmun (1 hectare) a chin atan carrot chi Kg. 8 - 10 vel a ngai a. Thai chi chu a theh a theh mai pawin a tih theih a. Uluk tak a rinngil siam a, chu mi dung zui a chin pawh tih dan than tak a ni. Inhnaih lutuk a chin chuan an mahni an indip ve theih avangin a khat mawi tawk (50cm) inkar dan velah a chi chu thlak thin tur a ni. Duhthusam-ah chuan carrot chi chu chin hma in darkar 12 chhung IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) 50 ppm a chiah phawt a tha khawp mai.

Leitha / Fertilizer pek dan tur:

Huan tin 2 leh a chanve hmun-ah bawngek leitha (FYM) quintal 200 vel uluk a lei nen a leh pawlh tur a ni a. Bawngek kan pek hnu ni 25 vel a liam hnu-ah a chi kui chauh tur a ni. Nitrogen Fertilizer Kg 80, Phosphorus Kg. 60 leh Potash Kg. 60 vel thlaiin an mamawh avangin pek tur. Nitrogen fertilizer khi chu vawihnih pek a hman tur a ni a. Vawikhat pek atang a ni 35 velah a vawi hnihna pek leh tur a ni. A dang pahnih khi chu vawikhat a pek zawh nghal mai tur a ni e.

Chin hnu a enkawl dan: 

A chi kan theh atang a karkhat velah a lo tiak tan a. A tiak a tam lutuk chuan a indip loh nan pawh thawl deuh tur a ni. Pawh thawl hmain tui pek lawk deuh a tha a, pawh a awlsam duh bik a ni. Hnim leh hlo ten carrot an tih chhiat mai loh nan huan thlawh taimak a ngai a, hnim a tam lutuk chuan thlai thar a tha duh ngai lo. Tunlai thiamna hmangin hnim-tur (Herbicides) pawh a hman mai theih a, a hnuai a mi ang hian hman tur a ni e.

Hnim Hlo (Herbicides)	A tak dan (Concentration) (Kg/ha)	Hman hun tur
Tenoran	2.5	Thlai tiah hma in
Linuran	0.5 – 1.0	Thlai tiah hma in
Propazine	1.2	Thlai tiah hnu-ah

 (Source: Advances in Vegetable Production)

Hnim thlawh fai laiin carrot bul lo lang te lei a chhilh that leh vek tur a ni a. Carrot bul a lan a ni sa a do reng chuan a rawng sen ram tur kha a lo hring nghulh thei a, chuvang in uluk tak in a bul lang lo turin ka leiin kan chhilh leh thin tur a ni.

Tui pek dan tur:

Carrot hi tui pek that loh chuan a ram lo thin a, a thar pawh a hlawk lo a ni. Tui duhthusam a hmu lo carrot chu a tui lo deuh zawk a. Chuvangin thlai thar hlawk tak leh tui tak nei thei tur chuan uluk tak a tui pek ve reng thin a ngai a ni. Chin zawh hnu-ah tui pek nghal tur a ni a. Nipui lai chuan ni 3 atang a ni 8 inkar dan velah tui pek reng an mamawh ve a. Carrot chin na hmun lei chu kut a zuk khawih a, lei zuk hrual deuh hian hnawng a awm loh chuan tui pek mai tur a ni. Amaherawh chu tui a mamawh tawk ai a tam pek erawh chu an haw em em a, tui tling khawp a pek phei chu an chhiat pui thei hle a ni. A pek dan tawk thiam a, tam lutuk lo leh tlem lutuk lo pek thin tur a ni.

A thar lak dan / Harvesting:

Carrot chu a thar hun tak-ah chauh chawh tur a ni a, hma lutuk leh tlai lutuk a chawh chuan carrot a ti hmelhem nasa thin. A laihawl hawlhtlang a 2.5 - 4 cm vel an nih ah chawh tur a ni a, tlem a chawh tlai deuh hian a rawng a mawi bik niin mithiam ten an sawi. Chawh hun laiin carrot chu uluk takin a bul ti chhe lova pawh chhuah mai tur a ni a, hliam leh hmel hem lo tur a uluk tak a pawh chhuah tur a ni. Carrot hi Tin 2 leh a chanve hmunah quintal 100 - 150 te a thar theih a ni.

Carrot chi hrang hrang (Varieties):

1. Chantenay: Thlasik a chin chi carrot a ni a, a rawng a mawi deuh bik a, serthlum rawng niin a thlum tui bik.

2. Danvers: Thlasik a chin chi tho a ni, a hma a mi aiin a rawng a tak deuh bik a ni.

3. NO. 29: Nipui lai a chin chi a ni a, khawlum a ngam a, PAU, Ludhiana atang a siam chhuah a ni.

OOTY-1, Pusa Kesar, Pusa Meghali, Pusa Yamdagni (sel-5), Royal Chantenay, Nantes Half Long, Nantes.

Source: Google