Mizoram
hi mau ah hian kan hausa em em a, kan ramngaw zawng zawng 30% hi chu mau hmun
vek ni a ngaih theih a ni (Anon., 2009). India ram bikah hian Mau hi chi hrang
hrang (different species) 150 vel a awm a, chung zing a 58 te chu Hmarchhak
(North East India) a awm te an ni hlawm. Mizoram-ah hian mau chi hrang kan nei
ngah lutuk lova, chi hrang 21 (Lalnghinglova and Jha, 1997) atang a 26 (Bists,
2010) vel hi Mizoram tual to ni a ngaih theih a ni. He mi Mau (Bamboo) kan tih
zingah pawh hian Mautak (Melocanna
baccifera Kurz.) hian Mizoram mau zawng zawng 90% lai hi a tling a ni.
Mizoram boruak leh leilung hi mau hian a ngeih em em a, mau pawh chi hrang tam
tak awm in, a then thlasik a hnah tla kawlh chi leh hna tla lova hring reng chi
pawh an awm nual a. Tropical rainforest in a huam chhung a kan awm vang ni in a
ngaih theih.
Mau
hi 100 – 2000 m inkar vel a hmun sang ah an tha duh a. Mizoram-ah hian Genera
11 vel awm in Mau chi pawh ram pawn atang a lak luh leh tual to belh khawmin 35
vel kan nei mek a ni. Mau hi chi hnih hlawm liam tak tak ah a then phawk theih
a – (1) a hung a awm chi / sympodial leh (2) a mal a awm chi / monopodial.
Monopodial ang chi ho (Mautak) hian 90% vel lai an awh laiin Sympodial chi
(Rua) hian 10% vel chauh a awh thung.
National
Bamboo Mission hmalak-na in Mizoram-ah pawh mau chin beihpui thlak thin a ni a.
Mau chi thar 6 lai chu ram dang atangin Mizoram-ah lakluh a en chhin an ni
hlawm a, chung te chu – Bambusa balcooa,
Bambusa nutans, Bambusa arundinacea, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus
giganteous leh Phyllostachys bambusa
te an ni hlawm. Mizoram chhung a mau hmun in a awh zat chu 6118 Sg. Km lai a
tling pha a ni (Anon., 2009). Mizoram a mau chi hrang kan neih pawimawh zual
chu a hnuai a mi ang hi a ni –
Sl. No.
|
Botanical Name
|
Mizo Name
|
Status
|
1
|
Bambusa tulda
|
Rawthing
|
Hmuh tur a tam
|
2
|
Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii
|
Phulrua
|
Hmuh tur a tam
|
3
|
Dendrocalamus
longispathus
|
Rawnal
|
Hmuh tur a tam
|
4
|
Melocanna
baccifera
|
Mautak
|
Hmuh tur a tam hle
|
5
|
Schizostachyum
fuschianum
|
Rawngal
|
Hmun sang-ah hmuh tur a awm
|
6
|
Schizostachyum
polymorphum
|
Chal
|
Hmuh tur a tam
|
7
|
Sinarundinaria
falcate
|
Lik
|
Reiek leh Chalfilh ah an awm.
|
8
|
Sinarundinaria
longispiculata
|
Phar
|
Phawngpui velah hmuh tur a awm.
|
9
|
Bambusa vulgaris
|
Vairua / Vaimau
|
Hmuh tur a awm
|
10
|
Bambusa
oliveriana
|
Talan
|
Hmuh tur a awm
|
11
|
Bambusa
nagalandiana
|
Rawthing tial
|
A vang hle
|
12
|
Chimonobambusa
callosa
|
Phar
|
Hmuh tur a awm
|
13
|
Dendrocalamus
sikkimensis
|
Rawmi
|
A vang hle, hmun sang-ah hmuh theih.
|
Mau hi a hman na a tam em
em a. Pi leh pu atang tawh in Mizo te pawh in tangkai takin kan lo hmang tawh
a. Tun thleng hian mau tello a khawsak chu a la harsa fat a ni. Mizoram hi
mau-ah hian hausa viau mahila, thiam tak a kan enkawl loh chuan a rem mai ang
tih pawh a hlauhawm chho tan tawh a ni. Mau hi khawvel a thlai thangchak ber a
nih avang hian rem thei lo ang mai a ngaihna a awm niin a hriat. Tun dinhmun a
hnam dangin kan mau an lak dan leh an duh duh dan a an han sat tawp tawp mai
hian kan mau din hmun hi a ti der thawng hle a. Duh tawk a mau an lak tawhna
hmun ah chuan mau a rem duak duak mai thin hi a pawi hle a, kan than harh vat a
ngai a ni. Mau hi awmze nei tak a lak a nih chuan a rem mai mai lova, tangkai
tak a hmang chung si in kumkhaw daih mau hmun neih dan a awm chu. Chutiang mau
hmun nei tur chuan a hnuai a Felling
Rules hi uluk tak a zir chian a kan zawm a ngai a ni.
Bamboo Felling Rules: Mau leh rua te duh dan ang ang leh
a rem chan ang ang a sah emaw lak a nih hian reilote chhungin a rem mai theih
avangin mau leh rua sah dan mumal leh tha zawk, a rem mai lohna tura sah dan
chu Central
Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture
(CRIDA), Hyderabad chuan a duang chhuak a, chu chu Bamboo
Felling Rules kan tih hi a lo ni ta a ni. Hei hi mithiam te’n uluk taka zir
chiang chunga an duan a nih avangin zawm hram hram tum tur a nia. Chutiang a kan
ti a nih loh chuan kan Mau/Raw neihsa te hi reilo teah lak tur awm lovin a
chereu mai dawn a ni. Bamboo Felling Rules chu i han bih chiang teh ang:
v Fur lai/ ruahtui tlak tam lai tak hi
mau/rua te inthlahpun hunlai a nih avangin hetiang hunlai, a bikin 1st
July – 30th September inkarah sah hauh loh tur a ni a, September
thla chhung bik hian a kung no tak tak te leh a zung (rhizomes) insiam thar
hunlai niin kan ran vulh te pawhin an lo ei/peh tur ven tlat a tha hle.
v Mau/Raw hungah chuan a kung
puitling, kum 1 tling tawh kung riat (8) tal a awm tawh a nih loh chuan hung
puitling a ngaih theih a la ni lova, chuvang chuan la sah rih loh tur a ni.
v Mau/Raw hung puitling tawhah pawh
heng a hnuai a mite ang hi sah miah loh tur a ni bawk:
§ Mau/Raw kung kum khat la tling lo te
sah rih loh tur.
§ Mau/Rua puitling tawh chu kung riat
tal zuah tel tur a ni.
§ A dang zawng chu him taka sah theih
tawh a ngaih a ni.
v Mau/Rua kan sah dawnin a hung chhung
a upa ber emaw, tlem a hrisel lo hmel kai deuh, kum khat her chhauh zawh pui
tawh loh tura ngaih chin chu sak hmasak ber thin tur a ni a, Mau/Raw kung
naupang deuh, kum 1 emaw kum 2 la tling lo, rei tak la awm theih tura ngaih chu
zuah emaw, sah mai loh tur a ni. Kan Mau/raw hung chhung chu uluk taka en a,
mau/raw kung thar a to/insiam lo a nih phei chuan a kung upa tawh pawh sat mai
lovin, za zel a sawmnga (50%) tal zuah tur a ni a, hetiang a tih loh chuan a
hung a chereu mai dawn a ni.
v Mau/Raw kung kan sahna hmanrua reng
reng chu a hriam tha tur a nia, fik deuh hmak hmak thei tur a sah hriam a fin
thlak. Hmamraw bil tak nen a ther fer fur a sah loh tur a ni. Mau/Raw kung chu
lei atanga Ft. 1 emaw Ft.2 vela sangah satin, a chang chung chiahah kan sat
ang, kan sahna hnu, a kung kawrawng chhungah tui a tling thei tur a ni lo.
v Mau/Raw hung chu a kung upa tamna
lam atang a sah tan tur a ni a, kung naupang tak tak insiam tamna lai hi a zung
(rhizomes) nun thatna lai leh a kung thar insiam chakna lai ber a nih avangin
sat lova zuah tur a ni.
v Mau/Raw par lai a nih chuan a chi
insiam zawh hnuah chauh sah thin tur a ni.
v Mau/Raw kung thi emaw, a kung keh
emaw, pianze pangai lo inherh nasa leh kual deuh teng tung te chu zuah hauh
lova sah hmiah hmiah mai tur a ni.
v Mau/Raw hung chu a tawt lutuk ve
thei a, chutiang a nih chuan a hung chhunga kung thar chhuah thei lo tur te,
hrisel lo leh lian thei lo tur te, a kung pianze dik lo deuh te chu paih thawl
zung zung tur a ni a. A hung chhungah chuan Mau/Raw hrisel leh lian tha kan
neih theihna turin thlifim, boruak thianghlim leh nieng te engtik lai pawhin a
lut tlang thei tur a ni.
v Mau/Raw sah hnuah kangmei laka a him
zawk nan a hmun vel leh a hnahro, kangmei ti chhuak awlsam thei te then fai
thin tur a ni.
v Ahnuai a mite hi khap tlat tur a ni:
- A zung chawh emaw laihchhuah.
- A kung no lai chauh ranchaw a lak.
- A kung no tak tak hnang emaw thil tawnna atan a lak.
v Thlai zam chi, mau emaw raw kung
bawh buai thei tu chu sah fai zung zung thin tur a ni.
Mau tam lam hi a hun la
hla viau mahse hriatna ti zau ah tlem te han thai lang ila. Mau tam hi eng vang
a thleng nge tih chiah hi hriat fiah a la ni lova, thil hrang hrang vang a
thleng thei ni a ngaih a ni. Mau tam leh sazu puang hi thil inzawm tlat ni a
ngaih a ni a, hmun tam tak ah chuan tam pawh a thlen phah hial thin a ni. Mizoram
Remote Sensing Application Centre (MIRSAC) in an chhinchhiah dan chuan kum 2006
khan 331.43 million lai a tam mau par avangin mau kan chan a, 2007 ah phei
chuan mau par a lo tam chhoh zel avang in 3324.63 million lai kan chan a ni.
Aizawl leh Mamit District-ah te mau kan chan hnem ber a. Thingtlang lo neih dan
avangin tam tak kan chan bawk a ni.
Mau hi a hmanna a tam em em a, Mizo te pawhin tangkai
takin hmang thin mahila kan hman dan hi chu hralh chhuah atan chuan a la bei
tham hle a. Kan thiamna in a la tlin loh tam tak pawh a awm bawk ang. Mizo te’n
kan hman dan tlangpui chu mitin in ka hre theuh a, sawi thui lo mai ila. Ram
changkang zawkin mau an hman tangkai dan hi hmasawn zel beisei in i han ziak
thung teh ang.
1. Bamboo Furniture: Mau
hmang a thut thleng kan siam ang chi ni lo khan ram changkang-ah chuan an siam
thin a. A charna (glue) te a char-in uluk takin an laminate leh vek a. A hlawm
te te a then hran theih a an siam thin avang in motor-a phurh vel pawh a awl
sam hle a. A man pawh a lo tlawm deuh zawk thin.
2. Mau atang a siam Paper leh Pulp: China
leh India hmun tam tak-ah chuan mau hi Paper / Lehkhapuan siam nan an hmang
thin . Mau atang a siam lehkha puan te hi an tlo em em a, that loh bikna eng
mah a nei lo.Mau a fibre te hi a sei zawk leh a tlo zawk avangin thing dang
atang a siam lehkha ai chuan a tha daih zawk a ni.
3. Mau meihawl: Mau
atang siam meihawl hi thing pangai leh lungalh thei aiah hmun tam tak a hman a
ni a. Activated Charcoal an tih phei chu thil a hip duh em avangin boruak tih
thianghlim nan te pawh in an hmang a, damdawi-ah te pawh an hmang. Mai atang
meihawl siam hian a let ruk lai in thil a hip chak avangin a tangkai hle a ni.
4. Bamboo Gasifier electric eng pe
chhuak thei: Mau hmang gasifier hi electric siam nan a
tha em em a. A alh a thianghlim bik avangin boruak tha lo a hlauhawm loh zawk
a. Petrol leh diesel to tak tak a lei ai chuan a man a tlawm in hmuh mai pawh a
awl sam zawk em em a ni.
5. Mau atang a siam thawmhnaw: Tunhnai
a thiamna thar zingah chuan a pawimawh em em a. La par (Cotton) ang deuh hian
mai ah hian la zai (Fabrics) a awm ve a. Hetiang la zai hi mau atang hian an la
chhuak a, an hlum ve a, thawmhnaw siam nan an hmang nasa hle tawh a ni. Mau la
zai-ah hian la par pangai aiin a let thum zet a kua a tam zawk a vangin tui a
hip hnem thei bik a, chuvang chuan mau atang a siam ngat thawmhna te chu an tha
bik em em mai.
A chung a kan sawi bakah
khian a dang pawh hmanna a la tam em em a. Mau tuai hi ei mi tak a nih avangin
mi tam takin tui ti tak in kan ei a. Damdawi a hman atan pawh chin thin a ni.
Mau chi 200 zet mai hi ei tlak a ni a. Cement concrete a in sa te pawhin mau hi
an hmang nasa hle a. A zan avangin laksawn leh put kual zung zung a awlsam em
em a, rit lak a dawl em em bawk si avangin a tangkai em em a ni. Mau hman dan
hun tlangpui hi a hnuai a mi ang hian i han tanglang zul zul teh ang –
·
Mau ni 30 ai a naupang - Mau tuai atan a ei mi hle
·
Thla 6 – 9 inkar - hnang
tah nan a tha
·
Kum 2 - 3 inkar - Furniture leh thutthleng ilo atan
·
Kum 3 – 6 inkar - Insak
nan
Awle, a tawp ber atan
chuan hei min sawmna hnial zo loin ka thiam phak ang tawk tawk in ka han ziak
ve a ni a. A phuisui lo viau pawh a ni thei a, min hriatthiamna ka han ngen
nghal e. Mau leh rua te hi Mizoram hausakna thuruk pakhat tur niin kei chuan ka
ngai a. China leh ram dang ah te chuan an hlawkpui em em tawh a. A tangkaiin
hmanna a tam si a, Mizo te pawhin engtik-ah emaw chuan ka la dinchhuah pui ve
ngei beisei ila. Chutih rual in hnamdang in Mizoram mau te dimna leh uina nei
hlek lo mai a an han sat tak tak han hmuh hi chuan rilru a na a. An sah tawhna
lah chu a rem duak duak a, engmah zuah lovin huam hap tak mai a an lak thin
avangin Mizo te kan than harh hma in hnamdang hian min tih chereu sak nual hman
dawn tih chu a hriat a, mau zawng zawng a che reu hma ngei a kan harh chhuah
erawh a va pawimawh dawn em!
Thulaknate:
Anonymous (2009), Study of bamboo flowering in Mizoram
using Remote Sensing & GIS. Publ. by Mizoram Remote Sensing Application
Centre, Aizawl.
Lalnunmawia, F. Bamboo resource and its management in
Mizoram. pp 1 - 6
Lalnunmawia, F. and Lalramnghinglova, H. (2010).
Ecosystem level changes following gregarious flowering of Melocanna baccifera in Mizoram. Final
Tech. Report submitted to Ministry of Env. & Forests, Govt. of India
Sarma, H. et al.
A case of gregarious flowering in bamboo, dominated lowland forest of
Assam, India: phenology, regeneration, impact on rural economy, and
conservation.
Kalaghatgi, R. Bamboo – Conservation, Cultivation and
Utilization
Anonymous (2001). Cane and Bamboo News, Quality
bulletin of CBTC, Vol.1. No. 4
Ganapathy, P.M., (1997). Sources of non-wood fibre for
paper, boards and panels production: Status, trends and prospect in India
Khan, .U. and Hazra, A. Industrialization of the Bamboo
Sector: Challenges and opportunities.
