KIWI CHIN DAN LEH ENKAWL ZUI DAN

Sap hming : Kiwi Fruit

Scientific hming : Actinidia deliciosa

Family hming : Actinidiaceae

 

Kiwi thei hi kum 1960 hma lam kha chuan “China Sunhlu” tih hlir a hriat leh koh thin an ni a. China ram deuh chauh ah a awm thin a ni nghe nghe. 1960 hnulamah erawh chuan New Zealand ramah an ching nasa em em a, khawvel hriat a a lo lar chhuahna pawh New Zealand zawk hi a lo ni ta a ni. New Zealand mite hian an ram a sava chikhat “Kiwi”an tih mai, hmul tlem te nei leh rawng uk deuh nen a he thei hi a in an em avangin ‘Kiwi Thei” tiin a hming an vuah a, he thei ching nasa leh ti lar tute an nih bawk avangin “Kiwi Thei” tih hi khawvel in kan lo hriat dan chu a ni ta a ni. New Zealand ram mite hian an ngaihsan em avang leh sum lak luh nan an hman nasat em avangin an ram chhinchhiahna thlai ah hial an lo hmang ta a ni.

 

Kiwi hi thlai hrisel tak mai a ni a, a rah hi a pil tih loh chu ei theih deuh vek a nih avang hian thlai hlawk tak a ni tel bawk a ni. Mihring mamawh ang vitamin leh chaw tha chu a pai deuh vek a ngaih a ni a, a bik takin Vitamin C, phosphorus, potassium, calcium leh magnesium te a pai hnem viau bawk a ni. Kiwi rah hi ei in a tui em em a, a rim a tuiin ngaih hlut a hlawh thin hle a ni. Kiwi thlai hrim hrim hi hmanna a tam hle a, a rah piah lamah a par rimtui tak te pawh ‘Perfume / in kah rimtuina’ siam nan an hmang nasa hle a, a hnah hi vawkchaw atan hman mi tak a ni a, a zung leh a chi thleng hian rannung thahna hlo siam nan a sawngbawl theih vek a ni a, a hnai ringawt pawh hi thil tangkai siam nan ram changkangah chuan an hmang nasa viau a ni.

Kiwi thei hi China atang lak chhuah nimahse a ching nasa ber ram leh a hlawk pui ber ram chu New Zealand an ni thung a, ram dang a Kiwi an uar ve na ram te chu – Japan, USA, Russia, Italy, Austria, France, England, China, Belgium, Unan, Spain leh India te hi an ni mai awm e. India ramah chuan tlangram hmun deuh leh hmun vawt lamah an ching a, heng – Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh leh Uttarakhand te hi an chinna hmun langsar deuh an ni a. Tun hnai ah hian India hmarchhak – Mizoram, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh leh Sikkim ah te hian chin chhoh tan niin Kiwi thlai in a mamawh ang boruak an hmuh theihna hmun te an nih avangin hlawkpui thei turin beiseina pawh a sang hle a ni.

 

Kiwi thlai hi chi 50 aia tam a awm tih hriat a ni tawh a, a rah dan leh a tui dan a in ang lovin tun a India ram a kan chin mek ang chi ‘Actinidia deliciosa’ ang hi a tui ber leh rah hnem thei ber ang chi a ni a. Tin, Kiwi thlai hi Thingfanghma ang deuh a nu leh pa kung awm hrang a ni a. Apa kung hi amah mal ngau ngau in a rah thei lova, anu kung pawh apa kung tel lovin a rah thei chuang hek lo. Hemi a nih avang hian Kiwi huan siam chuan a pa kung leh a nu kung hi kan ngaihtuah tel zel a ngai a ni.

KIWI CHI HRANG TE:

         Sawi tawh angin Kiwi thlai hi a nu leh apa a awm hrang a, chung a nu leh apa chi hrang pawimawh zual te chu –

A Nu Kung Bik:

 

1) Bruno: India ram a Kiwi kan chin ang chi ah chuan a rah sei ber chi a nih bakah Vitamin C pai hnem ber chi a ni bawk. Khawvawt a mamawh hun chhung a rei lo deuhin a rah pawh a thar tam deuh a ngaih a ni. 

 

2) Allison: Kiwi chi dang aiin a thlum zawk a, Vitamin C erawh a pai tlem thung. A rah hnem thei hle a, tlang sang lutuk lo, tlang bulthut deuh leh hnum hniam lam a chin chi a ni.

 

3) Monty: A thar tlai chi a ni a, mahse a rah tawh chuan a hmin hma hle thung. A rah hnem theih em avangin a tang hlawi thin a ngai a, a thur bik hle.

 

4) Hayward: Kiwi chi hrang hrang a chin nasat ber pakhat a ni a, a rah a lian tha hle a, dah pawh a dah rei theih deuh bik. Kiwi dangte aiin a tui deuh bik a ngaih a nih bakah Vitamin C pawh a paihnem hle. A thar tlai deuh a, boruak vawt a mamawh rei bik vangin tlangsang lam a chin chi a ni.

 

5) Abbott: A thar chi a ni a, arah a lian lutuk lova, a thlum deuh bik a. Khawvawt a mamawh rei loh avangin tlangsang lutuk lo leh hmun hniam lam a chin chi a ni.

A Pa Kung: Apa kung te hian rah an chhuah ve ngai lova, mahse anu kung te’n rah an chhuah theihna tur a puitu a ni a, a pa kung a nu kung a rai loh chuan anu kung in rah a chhuah thei lo.

 

1) Tomuri: A par tlai chi a ni a, Hayward chi bik rah thei tur a rai turin a pawimawh in a tha ber a ni.

2) Matua: Anu kung thar hma chi rai tur a tha ber pakhat a ni.

BORUAK MAMAWH DAN:

Kiwi chinnan chuan ram vawt a ngai a,boruak vawt a tur thei hle a, thlasik lai a vur tlakna hmunah pawh a tha thei a ni. Mahse a hnah tlak kawlh loh lai a vurin a hmeh erawh chuan a thar a hlawk thei lo thung a, a hnah tlak kawlh lai chuan vur tla pawh a pawisa lo hle. Thal lai a hnah chawrno chhoh lai a vurin a hmeh emaw khua a vawh lutuk erawh chuan a zik a ro in a hnah tharin siam tur a ti buai thei a, a kung pawhin a tuar thin tih hriat tel erawh a pawimawh hle a ni. Khawvawt a mamawh dan hi leh a kungin a chhiatpui loh chin hi -15°C vel niin mithiam te’n an sawi a, vanneih thlak takin hetiang lutuk a khawvawt hi Mizoramah chuan a thleng ngai lo a ni. 

 

Kiwi hi thlai khawvawt mamawh chi a nih avang hian khawvawh lam 0 - 10°C vel avawtin darkar 1200 vel a hmeh phawt loh chuan a rah thei lo niin mithiam te’n an sawi a. Hei hi Kiwi huan nei te pawhin kan hriat ve a, kan ngaihtuah ve a tul hle a ni. Thal lai leh nisat rei lai,khawlum tan tirh hian a thang duang em em a, hetih hun lai hian tui pek pawh a mamawh ve thin a, hetih hunlai vek hi thli na lutuk a tuar theih loh hun lai a ni a, chuvang chuan thli natna hmunah chuan Kiwi thlai veng turin huan bul vel a thingkung phun pawh thil tha tak a ni.

LEI MAMAWH DAN:

Kiwi hi hlawk tak a thar tur chuan lei tha hmun, lei thuk tak leh tui tlin theih lohna hmun a ngai a. A zung in thuk tak a zung a kaih theihna tur a lei dur tha leh leh sak lutuk lo hmun a mamawh tel bawk. Lei thur lam deuh, thur lutuk si lo a chin chi thlai a ni a, lei al ah chuan rah tha a chhuah theih loh bakah a kung than pawh a tha lo thin a ni.

A CHIN PUN DAN:

Kiwi hi a chi atang leh a tang phun atang te in a chin pun theih a. A tlangpuiin a tang tan hmang chin pun thin a ni. A chi atang chin pun hian that tawk lohna tam tak a nei a – a kung in that hleih tam lutuk te, a rah hmin rual lo te leh thil dang dang avangin a chi hi chu chin pun nan chuan hman a ni meuh lo. A tang hmang a chin pun hi tih dan thin ber a ni a, chu mi atan chuan “Softwood Grafting” hman thin a ni.

 

Hetiang ti tur hi chuan kumin chhung ngei a a tang chawr no, kumkhat la tling lo leh han kawih zawng a tliak mail ova er deuh ngang theia ni tur a ni a. Pencil tiat vel a lian, mit 4 – 5 vel nei a tang chawr no chu chemte hriam tak in tawng vel a seiah tan chum thin tur a nia. A hnuai lam leh a chung lam zawng uluk tak a chhinchhiah tur a ni. A let ling zawng a phun chu a nung thei lo tih hriat a tha hle. Chu tiang atang chawr kan tan tawh sa chu nisa in a em ro loh nan hmin hlim leh dai deuh raihah dah that tur a ni a. Saiip huh a tuam pawh a tha hle a ni.

A CHINNA TUR HMUN SANGBAWL DAN LEH SIAM DAN:

Sawi tawh ang in Kiwi huan tur duhthusam chu thal lai a vur tlak lohna hmun leh tui tlin theih lohna hmun a nih a ngai a. Boruak hnawng lam leh ni kang hmun, tlai te’n nisa tha tak a an hmuh theihna tur hmun thlan thiam a ngai a ni.

Kiwi hmun turah chuan lei uluk tak a sawngbawl a ngai thin a, khurlaih mai hi a tha a. Khur chu feet 1 vel a zau leh tuk laih in, meter 4 – 5 inkar a zau zel ah laih tur a ni a. Kan khurlaih sa chu nisa ah kar 1 – 2 vel pho ro hian rannung a zung ei chhe thei leh natna te kan nisa ah kan hem hlun thei thin a ni. Chutiang a kan tih zawhah chuan a khur chu lei chunghang tha leh bawngek lei tha leh Chlorpyriphos @ 25 – 30 g vel nen uluk tak a chawhpawlh in kan chhilh leh tur a ni a, Chlorpyriphos khian a zung ei chhe tur natna tam tak a thah theih avangin a tangkai hle a ni.

Kiwi chu anu leh apa kung inkar thlak a phun pawlh thin tur a ni. Apa kung pakhat zel hian anu paruk atang a pariat thleng a chawm thei a, chuvang chuan anu kung paruk/pariat kan phunna zelah apa kung pakhat zel phun tel tur tihna a ni.

A TANG TAN CHHUM:

Kiwi rah chhuah theihna tur a tangkai tak pakhat chu thlasik lai leh nipui lai a a tang hlawi thin ni a niawm e. A tang hlawi hian a zar inpawlh sawp nuaih turte, ni eng luhna tur siam nan te, boruak thianghlim luhna tur leh khuai vah velna tur te’n a pui thin a ni. Khitiang zawng zawng khi Kiwi rah thar hlawk tak nei tur chuan a pawihmawh em em vek a ni. 

 

Kiwi rah thatna zar chu a chang tawi tek tawk leh nisa an hmuh that theihna lam a ni tlangpui a, a tang hlawi hun hi chi hnih a awm a, chung te chu –

 

1. Nipui Lai a Hlawi (Summer Pruning): Nipui laiin a zar tam uchuak leh a tang in kawkalh nuaih tur te, a tang thi leh natna emaw rannung in a bawm te chu paih emaw siam that vek tur a ni a. Nipui lai hian March thla atang a July thla vel thleng atang hi uluk leh thiam tak a hlawi tur a ni.

 

2. Thlasik Lai a Hlawi (Winter Pruning): Thlasik lai, Kiwi hnah a tlak kawlh lai emaw a than a thut lai hian a tang upa lutuk leh rah chhuah tawh lo chu hlawi thin tur a ni. Thlasik laia a tang hlawi hi a kungin a huat loh avangin hemi hunlai hian tam tak a hlawi theih a. Nipui lai a tam tak hlawi erawh chuan a kung in a tuar thei a, rah a chhuah tlem phah thei a ni. Kiwi rahna zar hi kumkhat chawr hlir a ni a, kum hlui lam a chawrah rah a chhuah ngai loh avangin thlasik lai hian a tang chawno na tur siamin a zar hlui vel tam tham deuh tak hlawi tur a ni. 

 

Leitha / Fetilizer Pek Dan:

 

Leitha pek hian Kiwi thar a ti tam thei hle a. He thlai hian kumkhat chhungin lei atangin 24 Kg Nitrogen, 3.5 Kg Phosphorus, 4.8 Kg Potassium, 4.7 Kg Calcium leh 2 Kg Magnesium te kumtin tinhnih leh a chave hmun ang zelah a eiral thin ni a chhut a ni. Chuvang chuan rah tha tak a chhuah thei tur chuan kumtin NPK te hi pek a ngai a ni. Kiwi kung khat in leitha a mamawh dan chu – 25Kg bawngek leitha, 850 – 950 g N, 500 – 600 g P leh 800 – 900 g K te an ni. Nitrogen bik hi vawihnih a then sawmin; a vawikhatna chu a zikno a chhuah tan March – April thla vel a pek tur a ni a, a vawi hnihna chu fur tan tirh lamah pek leh tur a ni.Bawngek leitha tih loh chu leitha pek dawnin a kung hnaih lutuk a pe lovin, a kungpui atang feet 1 vel a hla ah pek zawk tur a ni.

 

Tui Pek Dan Tur:

 

Kiwi thlai hi a thanduan em avangin tui a mamawhna a sang hle a, nipui lai a tui a hmuh that loh chuan a rah a tet bakah a thar a tlem thin a, chuvang chuan nipui laiin tui pek that a ngai hle. Kiwi thlai a puitlin hma, kum 2/3 an nih chhoh lai hi tui an mamawh ber lai a ni a. Nipui lai chuan ni 10 – 15 inkar danah tui pek thin tur a ni a, thlasik lai chuan hei ai a inkar hlat deuhah pawh a pawi lo a ni.

 

Kiwi chinna lei bul velah hnim ang lutuk lo to tir a pawi lo (Floor Management).

 

A Thar Hun:

 

Kiwi rah hi lawh theih a nih thlengin a hring reng a. India ram hmun thenkhatah chuan October atang a December thleng a lawh theih thin a. Kiwi kungkhat hian rah 60 – 120 Kg thleng te a thar thei a ngaih a ni; uluk tak a enkawl chuan. 

Source: Google Image