La (Cotton/ Gossypium spp.) Chin Dan

    La hi khawvel awm tirh ata thlai zingah chuan sum lak luh awlsamna leh Economy nghawng thei thlai pawimawh leh hmasa ber pawl a ni a. Khawvel a thlai hmanga sum lakluh theihna hmasa ber leh upa ber a ni mek a ni. La hi India ram hmun hrang hrangah chin mek a ni a, hmar lam Himalaya hmun Punjab-ah te, chhim tawp Kerala-ah te, ruahtui tlak tlem em em na hmun Kutch (Gujarat)-ah te, ruahtui tlak tamna hmun Manipur-ah te an ching mek a. 

    Khawvel anga ngaihtuah pawhin India hi La ching nasa ber pawl kan ni a. 8 million hectare a zauah chin mek ni mahse khawvel thar chhuah 9% chauh mai hi India hian kan thar chhuak a, kan thar chhuah zat (Productivity) hi a hniam em em a ni. 

   La hi mihring tan thuamhnaw siam nan kan hmang ber thin a, a chi atangin hriak pawh a sawr chhuah ve theih a ni. Hriak hi 15 - 20 % vel thleng atam a pai ve thei a. Amerika La (American Cotton) hian hriak a pai hnem ber a ni. La chi hriak sawr chhuah tawhna fe leh bangnawi te hi lei ti tha tu a ni a, 6% Nitrogen, 3% Phosphorus leh 2% Potash a pai a ni.  Heng hriak sawr tawhna fe te hi ran tan chaw tha tak pawh a ni thei a ni.

Origin and History 

India ramah hian hriat phak baka rei La hi chin a lo ni tawh a, kum 5000 liam ta Indus Valley hunlai pawh khan lo chin daih tawh a ni a. Mohenjodaro hunlai pawh khan la hi an lo kaihin thuamhnaw mawi tak takah an lo chhuah tawh a ni. India ram a thuziah hmasa ber Rig Veda-ah pawh khan La chungchang hi ziah lan a ni tawh a, Rig Veda hi Hindu sakhaw lehkhabu hlui ber niin Isua pian hma kum 2000 velah he lehkhabu ah hian La chungchang hi ziah lan a ni tawh a ni. La chin hi India ram atangin Egypt-ah te, Spain-ah leh Italy-ah tih lar leh tih hmuh an ni. La lo chhuahna hmun hi India ram a ni ngei a ni tih ziak hrang hrang-ah a hmuh theih a ni.

Area and Distribution

Khawvela La chinna hmun zawng zawng zau zawng hi 33.1 million hectare niin kum tin La hi 52.1 million tonnes thar chhuah thin a ni. Khawvel a La ching thin ram pawimawh zual te chu - India, USA, Russia, China, Brazil, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Mexico leh Sudan te an ni. Heng ram 10 te hian khawvel a La thar chhuah zawng zawng 85% lai an tum a ni. India ram hi La chinna hmun zau ber a ni mek a, a thar chhuah tam zawngah chuan 4-na kan ni mek thung. 

India ram chhunga La ching nasa state te chu- Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Tamil Nadu leh Uttar Pradesh-te an ni. Maharashtra hi India rama La thar chhuak hnem ber niin Gujarat hian a dawt a ni.

India rama cotton chin tamna hmun
(Source: Google)

Classification

La hi Malvaceae chhungkua a awm a ni a, a genus chu Gossypium a ni. Gossypium hnuaiah hian species 20 chuang La chi hrang a awm a, chung zinga kaih a thawmhnaw a siam theih te chu-

1. Gossypium arborium : Hetiang chi La hi a tlanglawn ber leh chin nasat ber a ni a, a kung a lian tha a, a zai pawh 1.25-2.10 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. La chinna hmun 29% he tiang La hi chin mek a ni.
2. Gossypium herbaceum : A kung a lianin a nghet tha a, La zai pawh 1.25-2.30 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. La chinna hmun 21% he tiang La hi chin mek a ni.
3. Gossypium hirsutum : Hetiang chi la hi Amerika La (American Cotton) tih bik a ni a, La zai pawh 1.8-3.1 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. La chinna hmun 50% he tiang La hi chin mek a ni.
4. Gossypium barbadense : Hetiang chi la hi 'Sea Island Cotton' tih bik a ni a, La zai pawh 3.6-5.0 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. He tiang chi La hi hmun zimte ah chauh chin a ni.

Boruak Mamawh Dan

    La hi khaw lum a chin chi thlai a ni a, a tlangpuiin La chin chhung zawng hian khaw lum zawng hi 16° C a ni tur a ni a, ruahtui tlak tam zawng hi 50 cm tal a ni tur a ni. La chi a tiah theih nan khaw lum zawng hi 16°C tal a ni tur a ni a, 21 - 27°C ah La kung a thang tha bik a ni. Khaw lum uchuak lutuk 43°C velah chuan La kung hi a thi mai thin a, 21°C ai a hniam-ah erawh la a thang tha lutuk thei lo thin. A La par insiam tan laiin khua hi 27 - 32°C vel a lum ni thei sela, La par a chhuah tawh hnua ruah nasa tak sur leh tui nasa tak pek hian La par a ti tlem in a ti til thei a. Ni eng tha tak a hmu reng thin tur a ni. Vur tlakna hmunah La a tha thei ngai lova, Altitude (hmun san zawng) 1000 m chung lamah La chin loh tur a ni.  La chin hun chhung ni 180 - 240 thleng chu vur a tla tur a ni lo a ni.

Lei Mamawh Dan

    La hi lei chi hrang hrangah a chin theih a, lei thil lutuk (sandy soil), lei al lutuk leh tui tlin theihna hmunah erawh chin loh tur a ni. Lei ban lam pangah a tha duh deuh bik a, lei tha hmun, tui fawm tam thei chi lei-ah a tha bik thin. La chinna hmunah reng reng tui a tling thei tur a ni lo. 

Lei Sawngbawl Dan tur

    La hian zung thuk tak a nei thin a, chuvang chuan La chinna hmun tur chu uluk taka cheh phut thin tur a ni. Lei hi 15-20 cm vel a thuk a leh phut vek tur a ni a, chu mi hnuah na lo deuh in vawi 2/3 lei chu leh nawn leh vek thin tur a ni. Lei leh na hnu lei tlang lian lutuk chu vuak phut leh vek tur a ni. Tui pek tur kan nei tha a nih chuan lei leh zawh velah, La kan chin hmain lei chu hneh takin tui pek vek tur a ni.

A Chi Sawngbawl Dan

    La chi hi a kawr a chhah em avangin chin hmain Concentrated Sulphuric Acid ah 'delint' (chiah) tur a ni a, Sulphuric Acid hi 70 cc - 100 cc vel a taka siamin La chi Kg 1 chiah tur a ni. 

    La chi ei chhe tu chi kha Pink Ball Worm naute te hian La hi a chhung rilah an ei chhe thin a, hei hi Sulphuric Acid khian a ti hlum thin bawk a ni. Natna dang leh rannung dang pawh Sulphuric Acid hian a that hneh hle a, La chi chutiang a sawngbawl tawh chu rei lo te-ah a to thuai thuai thin. Chemical hmanga La chi hi kan chiah thei lo a nih hlauh chuan bawngek, mei vap leh tui nen a chiarin kan nuai pawlh tur a ni a, chutiang a La chi nuai tawh chu dai hlimah dah ro tur a ni. La chi chu rannung leh natna in a ei chhiat loh nan Emisan 5 g, streptocycline 1g leh succinic acid 1 g te nen tui litre 10-ah darkar hnih chhung chiah tur a ni, hei hi La chi Kg 6-8 thleng a pawlh tawk viau in a rinawm.

Seed rate & Spacing

    Thlai chi mamawh zat tur hi a variety a zir zel a ni tlangpui thin a, Amerika La bikah chuan 15 - 25 Kg vel hi 1 Hectare ah a tawk viau a, India ram a kan chin tam chi-ah erawh hi chuan 10 - 18 Kg vel hi Hectare 1 ah a tawk viau a ngaih a ni.

    La chi chu 60x30x30 cm vel a inkar hlatah chin tur a ni. He ti hian hmun hectare 1 ah La kung 50,000 - 80,000 lai a awm thei dawn tihna a nih chu.

Sowing Time and Method

    A hun tak a chin hi a thar tam nan a pawimawh hle mai. Hma lutuk emaw tlai lutuk a La chin hian a thar a ti tlem thei em em mai a, fimkhur viau tur a ni. India hmar lamah chuan May thla kar 2-na velah La hi chin tur a ni, a tlai berah May 25 ai a tlai tur a ni lo. India ram laili ah erawh chuan 15th - 25th May inkarah chin tur a ni. Ruah tui tlak velah chin nghal vat vat mai tur. Tamil Nadu velah chuan khua a lum that avangin September leh October thla velah an ching mai thin. 

    Thlai chi chu a bi uluk tak a siam in a bi-ah thlak mai tur a ni, Line sowing hi a thar a tam thin bik avangin tih theih hram a tha hle. Thlai bi thuk zawng hi 4-5 cm vel a ni tur a ni a, thlai bi a thuk lutuk chuan a to muang a, thuk loh lutuk erawh chuan La chi chu a ro mai thin a, tiak tur a awm lo thin. 

Leitha pek Dan tur

    La hian leitha a hip nasa in a mamawh hnem em em mai a, La thar tam tur chuan leitha pek nasat a ngai viau mai. Bawngek lei tha kan pe dawn a nih chuan 15-20 tonnes lai mai La chinna hmun zau zawng hectare 1-ah a ngai a ni. 

    Chemical fertilizer kan pe dawn a nih erawh chuan 80-100 Kg Nitrogen, 30 Kg Potassium, 40 Kg Potash te kan pe tur a ni. Potassium leh Potash fertilizer te hi thlai chi kan tuh hunlaiin a vaiin vawikhatah pek nghal vek tur a ni a. Nitrogen bik erawh a chanve hi La chi kan tuh laiin pek theih ni sela, a chanve dang erawh chu a par hmasa ber a chhuah hunah pek chauh tur a ni thung. 

Tui Mamawh Dan

    La chin atanga ni 45 velah tui pek theih ni sela a tha hle a, tui pek hnem hian a kung a than tir vak a, a tha ber lem lo. Ni 45 hnuah chuan tui hi nasa lutuk lovin kar 2 dan zelah pek mai thin tur a ni. La a par tawh hnuah chuan tui nei lo leh ro lutuk a dah an tha lova, a par a til nasa in a thar a tlem phah thei a ni. La kung la naupang te hian tui tling an haw em em mai a ni, tui pek hun laiin tui tih tlin miah loh tur a ni.

Hlo thlawh Dan tur

    La kung te hi hlo hian an ti buai nasa ve thei em em mai a, ni 50-60 an tlin hma phei chuan hnim leh hlo lakah La chu ven a thlawhfai emaw damdawi a kah reng thin tur a ni. Hlo tur atan Fluchloralin emaw Alachlor te hman a tha hle.

Harvesting

    La thar chu vawi 2 emaw vawi li lai kut in a lak mai tur a ni. La kan lak chu hnah thel, hmawlh emaw a kung tang ro te nen chawh pawlh miah loin lak tur a ni a, La chu a ro tha hle tur a ni. India hmar lamah chuan La hi October thla velah a vawikhat nan a lawh theih tawh thin a, a vawi hnih lawhna erawh November thla velah tih thin tur a ni. La kan lak tawh sa chu hmun hnawng ah emaw tui awm theihna ah dah miah lo tur a ni a, hei hi La quality a ti chhe vek thei a ni. 

    La hi dik tak a enkawl chuan 1 Hectare ah 15-20 quintals vel a tam lai a thar theih a, Hydrid ah phei chuan 25-30 q/ha lai a tam a thar chhuak thei a ni.

(Part 2 ah La eichhetu rannung leh natna enkawl dan ziah kan tum leh dawn nia.)

La par
(Source: Google)

Changpat ek leitha siam dan (Vermicomposting)

Vermicomposting hi Changpat hmang a thil tawih chi hrang hrang leitha a siam dan tihna a ni. Kan huan leh lo a hnawm hnawk paih mai tur atang khan Leitha awlsam hnawm hnawk te eiin an pai tawih hnuah an e chhuak leh a, he Changpat ek hi leitha niin thlai than chak tir theihna a pai tel a. Tin, thil nung te reuh te te mit a hmuh tham loh lei-ti thatu a pai tel bawk a, thlai ti chhe thei tu rannung laka ven theihna a nei bawk a ni. Chuvangin changpat ek hi Rangkachak Dum (Black Gold) tia vuah a ni hial reng a ni. Changpat hmanga leitha siam chhuah hi asakhat  in amur tha a, leithatna chi hrang hrang siam tha in a ti pung thei a ni. Thlai kui tiah nan a tha bik in thlai kung chawm nan pawh a tha bik hle a ni. Vermicompost hian hriat a hlawh chakin, tunlai organic farm siam ten a an hman tam ber a ni ta a ni.

Vermicomposting atana hmanraw tul te

Thil tawih mai thei ran ek leh an ei bang ning nawi, huan leh lo hnawm hnawk, ramhnuai hnimhnah te hi changpat leitha siam nan a hman lar ber te an niin changpat chaw duh zawng tak an ni. A tlangpuiin ran ek, a bik takin vawk ek tih ro leh thlai kung sah sawm te hi hman dun theih an ni. Thlai kawrn ei chi leh kawrn ei loh chi kung seng zawh hnu a pawlh hian vermicompost thatna a ti pung bik a ni.

Changpat hi chi hrang tam tak an awm a. Chungte chu Eisenia foetida  (Changpat sen) Eudrilus Eugeniae (Zana Vak chhuak chi) Peropnyx excavates  leh a dangte an ni. Heng zingah hian changpat sen chi hi an inthlah pung chak a, chuvangin leitha an siam chak bikin an tha bik a ni (Ni 45-50 chhungin leitha an siam hman). Tin, a chunglam apiang ei thin an nih avangin a chung atangin leitha siamin a hnuaiah an siam thla zel a, chuvangin an tha bik bawk a ni.

A pian phung                                       Eisenia foetida

A taksa sei zawng                                   3 - 10 cm

A taksa rih zawng                                    0.4 - 0.6 g

A puitlin hun chhung                     50 -55 days (ni 50 – 55)

Leitha siam theih zat   changpat 1000 inthla 2 chhungin 2qtl

A tui tam dan                                  Ni 3 chhunginpakhat

A tui atanga a pian hun rei zawng           Ni 20 - 23

 

Vermicompost siam dante

Vermicomposting siam dan hi kan siam chhuah duh zat leh a hman rua hnawmhnawk (compost) kan hmanah a innghat thui hle a ni.

Vermicompost tlem tham deuh  hi chu mahniin bula mahni hman atan a siam mai theih a ni a,  kum khatah leitha 5 – 10 tones a thar chhuah theih. Tam tham deuh tak,  sumdawnna atana hman chuan hnawmhnawk tawih ral thei tam tham tak tak hmang a changpat leitha siam chhuah a ni a, kumkhatah 50 – 100 tonnes lai thar chhuah theihna ang hi a ni.

Vermicompost sawngbawl dan

A tlangpuiin vermicomposting hi chhuat a chhun vum chi leh khur siam a buatsaih a ni. Chhuata chhun vum a vermicomposting siam hi chu lei chhuat ah emaw cement chhuatah 6x2x2 feet a kan compost hman tur chu chap tur a ni a. Hei hi enkawl leh buatsaih a awl sam hle a ni.

Khur hmanga vermicomposting siam dawn erawh chuan khur 5x5x3 feet cement concrete a siam tur a ni. Khur hi compost hmanrua kan duh anga dah khah tur a ni. Khur hmanga vermicomposting siam hi leitha tam tham tak tak siam dawn chuan a tha zawk a ni.

Vermicompost siam dawna thil tih tulte

Vermicompsot siam tur chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian indawt fel takin tih tur a ni.:

·       Vermicompost kan siamna tur hmun chu hmun vawt,  hnawng tha leh dai hlim an ni tur a ni.

·       Hnim hnah ro kan hman turte chu uluk taka sah nawi tur a ni.

·     A hmasa berin Bawng ek leh hnim hnahte chu 3:1 in chawhpawlh a, ni 15 – 20 chhung chu dah tawih deuh hlek tur a ni.

·        Hnim hnah ro sah sawm chu 15 – 20 cm a chhahin a chhuat phah atan chap hmasak tur a ni.

·        Hemi zawh hian Bawngek leh hnim hnah kan chawhpawlh sa kha 6x2x2 feet a phah tur a ni.

·      Bawngek leh hnim hnah ro kan hman turte ch uBawngek hmun 10 leh hnim hnah ro hmun 3 ang a hman tur a ni.

·     Kan leitha siam tur hnim hnah leh bawngek te chu pakhat atan 1.5 – 2 q vel kan duh tlem leh tam dan a zirin kan mamawh ang.

·       Kan leitha siam tur chapah khan bawngek chap a, a chung berah changpat sen chu sangkhat vel dah tur a ni.

·     Changpat dah zawh veleh hian tui leih tur. Kan leitha siamna hmun/ khur chu a hnawn that reng theih nan nitin tui vawihnih pek tur a ni a, polythene emaw buara in khuh phui tur a ni.

·       Boruak a hmuh that nan leh a hnawn rual nan ni 15 – 20 kar danah chawh leh thin tur a ni.

·       Vermicompost chu a tlang puiin ni 45 – 50 velah a hman theih a  ni.

·      Bawngek thar lam chungah kan leitha thar chhuahte chu hrik fai hmain darkar 24 kan dah phawt tura ni a, hei hi lei tha atanga changpat thliar hran theihna tur a ni.

·       Thil tawih lo leh rannung thliar hran nan Vermicompost kan thar chhuah te chu hman hma in kan hri fai tur a ni.

·       Kan leitha thar chhuahte chu kan hman raw hman hmun li a then a hmun thum an ni tlangpui..

 

A ven him dan

·      Leitha siamna tur chhuat chu changpat te lei chhungril lama an luh lohna turin a muk tha tawk tur a ni.

·       Kan compost hman hnim hnah leh hnawm hnawk tawih thei ah te chuan plastic, thir, thlai kahna hlo leh chemicals lam pang a tel tur a ni lo.

·        Changpatte an than len that theih nan boruak a hmu tha tur a ni.

·        Kan leitha siamna chu a hnawng tha tur a ni a.

·     A thar tam theih nan boruak lum zawng chu 18 - 25̊C vel a ni tur a ni. Bawngek thar lam te hian lumna an pe chhuak vek thin.

 

Vermicompost in leithatna a pai tam dan

Parameters                                         Content

pH (A al dan)                                      6.8

OC (%)                                               11.88

OM (%)                                              20.46

C/N                                                     11.64

            Total Nitrogen (%)                             1.02

            Available N (%)                                  0.15

            Available P (%)                                  0.30

Available K (%)                                  0.24

Ca (meq/100g)                                    8.8

Mg (meq/100g)                                   5.59

A thatna te

Vermicompost hian a hnuaia mi ang hian thatna tam tak a nei a a ni.:

 

·       Hnawm hnawk tawih thei, thlai kung leh hnim hnah leh ran ek leh ning nawi te tangkai taka hman a ni.

·        Leilung tithaturin tlak tak a ni.

·       Thlai ti chhe thei tu rannungte nau te a ti tlem thei.

·        Lei a awm thir lam chi in lei a tih chhiatna a ti hniam.

·      A siam chhuahna a hau tak lo vin kan leilung leh boruak tana him. Chemical tel lova buh thlai thar chhuah nan a  tha leh duhthusam a ni.

·        Loneitu ten awlsam takin sum tlemte chauh sengin leitha an siam thei.

Pek zat tur

Vermicompost pek zat tur chu thlai ten a an mamawh danah a innghat a ni.

            Thlai                                       A pekzattur

            Buh leh thlai                            5 -6 t/ha.

            Theikung                                 3 – 5 kg/plant

            Pots                                         100 – 200 g/pot

Hlawkna

Vermicompost hi Bawng vulh tute tan phei chuan hmalakna hlawk tak a ni. Sen so leh a thar chhuah hlawkna te a hnuaia mi ang hian entir a ni:

A hmun          Kum 1 a         Kum 1 a         Sen so leh

lenzawng        sen so              hlawkna         hlawkna

                        ngai zat              (Rs)             inthlauhna

                        (Rs)

 

Hmunzim        52,000             90,000             1:1.73

Laihawl           1.0 lakh           1.85 lakh         1:1.85

Lian                 2.25 lakh         4.5 lakh           1:2.0

Intermittent Fasting – Weight Loss nan

Intermittent fasting chu enge ni?

Intermittent tih hi Mizo tawng chuan – ‘a chang changin’ tihna  a ni mai awm e. Fasting tih chu ‘chaw nghei’ tihna a ni mai awm e. Chutiang a nih chuan Intermittent Fasting chu ‘a chang a chaw nghei a, a chang a chaw ei’ tihna a nih chu. Intermittent Fasting hi tunlai hian a lar chak viau a, Sap ramah chuan mi pangai atanga milar thlengin an uar chho viau a, Mizoram-ah erawh hria kan la awm mumal awm love. Chuvang chuan eng a nih tih I han zirchiang dawn teh ang. Intermittent Fasting chungchanga Mizo tawng ngei a Article ziah hmasak ber a ni ngei ang.

Intermittent Fasting-ah hian chaw nghei hun mumal tak a darkar bithliah a ni a. Chaw nghei hun darkar leh chawei hun darkar te bithliah thlap a ni. Chung chaw ngei hun leh ei hun darkar bithiah te chu –

1.     12 – 12 : A awmzia chu darkar 12 chhung eng mah ei loh tur a ni a, thingpui sen hang emaw, coffee sen hang emaw tui chauh darkar 12 chhung hian in tur a ni. Calorie pai leh chaw lam pang chi ei miah loh tur tihna a ni a. Darkar 12 dang leh erawh chu thil ei theih hunlai niin ‘Eating Window’ tih a ni a, eng pawh a ei theih thung a ni. Hei hi chaw nghei dan awlsam ber a ni ang.

2.    16 – 8 : A chunga kan sawi ang khian darkar 16 chhung thingpui sen hang emaw, coffee sen hang emaw tui chauh pumchhungah a lut tur a ni a, darkar 8 dang erawh eng pawh ei theih a ni.

    3. 20 – 4 : Hei pawh chaw nghei hun chhung darkar 20 niin darkar 4 chauh thil ei theih hun chhung kan nei tihna a ni. Hei bik hi Warrior Dieting an tih a ni a, a harsa ber a ni.

Kan hriatthiam lehzual theihnan entirna ti hian han pe ta ila. Kei a ziaktu ngei hian tunah 20 – 4 khi ka kalpui mek a. Tlai dar 5 velah chaw ka ei tlang pui a, tlai dar 5 atanga chhiar tana darkar 4 chhung chu eng thil pawh ka ei thei a ni. Dar 5 pm atanga 9 pm thlengin thil ka ei a. Zan 9:00 pm atang a tuk tlai dar 5:00 pm thleng erawh thingpui senhang leh Coffee sen hang chauh ka inta thin a ni. Chutiang chuan nilengin engmah ei lovin ka awmta tihna a nih chu. A harsat ve deuh avangin a bul tan tir tan chuan 12 – 12 hi a tawk chauh awm e.

Engvanga Chaw chu darkar bithliah a nghei nge kan nih?

He zawhna hi a pawimawh lai leh Intermittent Fasting thatna hriatfiahna tur tak chu a ni ta. Intermittent Fasting hi Science Journal-ah te zir chianna neih vek tawh leh Medical Doctor te pawhin an pawm thlap tawh a ni bawk. Amah erawh chu hrisel lohna benvawn emaw taksa chak lohna lai nei tan erawh tih ve hma in Doctor rawn hmasak ngei ngei tur a ni. Hrisel tha pangai tan erawh a ngai chuang lovang. Le! Chutiang a Research-in a finfiah thlap dan chu a darkar bi in i han zirchiang teh ang. Heng a hnuai a kan sawi tur te hi kan chaw nghei lai darkar a thil thleng vek te an ni.

1.    1. Taksa a Sugar (thlumna) a pung chho: Chaw kan ei zawh velah taksa-ah Sugar a pung chho a. Kan chaw ei chu kan pumpuiin a lo paitawih a, Carbohydrates (buhfaiah a tam hle, 70% lai a pai) kan ei te chu kan thisen zamah Glucose (Sugar) angin a lut a, hei hian taksa a Sugar (Thil thlum awm) a ti sang ta a ni. Hei vang hian kan taksa chuan Insulin a siam chhuak ta teuh thin a ni. Insulin hi hormone chikhat niin kan taksaah hnathawh pawimawh tak tak pahnih a nei a.

Pakhatna-ah chuan kan thinsen zama Sugar/thlumna awm chu rang takin kan tihrawl leh taksa tan chakna pe chhuak tu-ah a siam a, hei hi chaw kan eizawh rei lo te a thil thleng a ni.

Pahnihna ah chuan kan thil ei chakna/energy a lo insiam kan hman sen loh ho chu taksaah thau angin a chhekkhawl a ni. Chaw tam deuh, Carbohydrates leh thau tamna kan ei zawng zawng kha hnathawk nasa mi emaw, insawi zawi nasa mi kan nih loh chuan kan taksa in hman zawhna kan nei lova, chuvang chuan Insulin hian kan taksa a Glucose tam uchuak tak kha Glycogen ah letin thau a lo pung ta a ni. Hei hi Glycogenosis tih a ni.

Glycogen hi kan thin/Liver leh tihrawlah te chhek khawl a ni a, nakinah taksa in a mamawh hunah a hman theih turin chhekkhawl a ni thin. Chu ai a tam Glycogen ho chu kan taksa hrang hrangah thau angin – dul kiarah te a lo chang ta thin a ni.

2.     2. Taksa a Sugar/thlumna a tlahniam: Chaw kan nghei darkar 3 atangin a intan a ni. Insulin chuan kan taksa hrang hrangah Glucose (Sugar) te chu a sem kual a, chuvang chuan hemi darkar 3 hnuah hi chuan kan taksa a Sugar/Thlumna awm te chu a lo tlahniam tan ta a ni.

     Kan taksa a Insulin a kal kual chhung chu kan ti hrawl leh timur te chuan chakna an hip lut zel a. He Insulin hi kan thisenah a awm chhung leh kan taksa a Glycogen a awm chhung chuan kan chakna dahkhawl thau (dul kiar etc.) kha kan taksain chakna atan leh chaw berah a hmang thei lo a ni. Kan taksa in thau kan kawl te chu kan thisen a Glucose a awm loh hnuah leh Glycogen kan neih loh hnuah energy/chakna atan a hmang thei chauh a ni.

3.     3. Thisena thlumna a tla hniam ta: Chaw kan nghei atanga darker 9 ah a intan tlangpui. Kan chawei te chu kan pumpuiin a lo pai tawih ta a, kan taksa pawhin Insulin a siam chhuak tawh lo. Taksa in rei lo te chawlh a la a, mahse a chawl rei lo. A chhan chu kan taksa bung hrang hrang leh tihrawl te, kan hriatna thazam te chuan chaw an mamawh reng avang a ni. Hetah tak hian Hormone chi dang Glucagon kan taksa in a rawn siam chhuak ta.

Kan thisen a Sugar/thlum awm a zawh velah kan taksa chuan chaw thar lakluhna a mamawh tawh a. Chutah tak chuan Glucagon chuan kan taksa a Insulin in thau a chhekkhawl (Glycogen) ho kha taksaah chaw a tan a siam chhuak ve ta thung a. Glucagon avang chuan kan thisenah a tawk chauhin Sugar/thlum a lo awm thei ta a, kan taksa mamawh chakna pawh thau chhekkhawl atang khan siam a lo ni ta.

4.    4. Chaw nghei atang a darkar 11-ah a in tan a. Kan taksa chuan englai pawhin chakna a mamawh reng a. Chu chakna Insulin in thau anga a lo chhekkhawl pawh chu rei lo teah a lo zo ta. Tunah chuan kan taksa in chakna a mamawh chu kan thau chhekkhawl (dul kiar etc.) atang chuan a siam chhuak tak tak dawn ta. Atlang puiin mihring puitling pakhat hian kan taksa-ah thau ang a chakna kan chhekkhawl hi 80,000 Calories ang vel a ngaih a ni.

    Kan taksa a thau chhekkhawl te chu taksa tan chaw a lo nih theihna turin taksa thau ei khawl (Fat burning Hormones) a lo siam chhuak chho tan ta. Chung te chu Hormones pawimawh tak tak leh tangkai em em 6 lai an ni. Chung te chu

·         Growth Hormone (Human Groth Hormone, HGH)

·         IGF-1 (Insulin-Like Groth Factor)

·         Glucagon

·         Testosterone

·         Adrenaline

·         T3 (Triiodothyronine) 

5.    5.  Ketosis: Chaw nghei atanga darker 12-ah a intan. Kan talsa a thau chhe eiral tu a siam khan kan taksa chu chakna thar a pe a. Chumai bakah thil lawmawm tak pakhat a rawn thleng tel. Chu chu kan taksain thau a eiral mek lai khan Ketone bodies a rawn siam thar a. Ketones chu fatty acid molecule niin kan taksa a thau in eiralin a siam chhuah a ni. Kan taksa bung pawimawh lai – Lung, Thluak leh hmun hran hranah chakna energy petu a ni.

    Ketones chuan kan Nerve timur te a chawk nung thar a, kan hriatna leh finna a ti chak thar a, kan thluakah brain cell thar a siam bawk a ni. He Ketone vang hian chaw kan ngei lai hian kan rilru kan sawr bing in kan thluak a chak tha bik a ni.

6.   6. Autophagy: Chaw kan nghei atanga darkar 14-na ah a intan. Chaw rei tak kan nghei tak avang leh kan thau chhe chhek khawl te kan taksa in a eiral tak zel avangin thil thleng pawimawh tak pakhat a awm thar. Darkar 12 – 14 vel atangin Autophagy chu kan taksaah a rawn nung thar tan ta.

      Autophagy chu Greek tawng ‘autophagos’ atanga lak niin a awm zia chu ‘To consume oneself’ (Mahni leh mahni in ei) tihna a ni. Hei ngei hi Autophagy lai a thil thleng dik tak pawh a ni. Kan timur/cells te chu an mahni an insiam rem tan a.

     Timur upa tawh leh hlui tawh ho chu paihchhuah an ni a, timur thar leh hrisel zawk te’n an rawn thlak ta a ni. Kan taksa chhungril chu amah leh amah inti faiin thil hlui chu thil thar tha zawkin a thlak thleng zel a, kan timur te hnathawh pawh a lo chak sawt ta. Kan timur te nunna a pawt sei a, chu chuan keimahni ngei nunna pawh a lo pawt sei ta thin a ni.

Ti chinah hian duh tawk phawt ang. Part -2 ah Intermittent Fasting taksa tan a thatna te a hranin post kan siam leh dawn nia.

Fall Armyworm enkawl dan leh suat dan

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategy hman:

• Thlai chin kar lakah tha taka lei lehphut tur. FAW pupae (buhchium) lai leia awm kha an ral sava leh nisa em theihin a pho lang. Zero tillage (lei letphut lova thlai chin) a nih chuan Neem cake @ 500 kg/ha hman tur.

• Vaimim emaw thlai chi dang tuh hmain pesticides-a chiah emaw phul (seed treatment) tur a ni a. Seed treatment atan a hman chi te chu - Chlorpyriphos @ 5ml/kg seed emaw Imidachloprid @6ml/kg seed emaw Cyantranilipole + Thiomethoxam @ 4 ml/kg seed emaw Fipronil @ 5 ml/kg seed te an ni.

PESTICIDE HI A HLAUHAWM EM?

            Pesticide chu enge? Pesticide hi Agriculture Chemicals niin, rannung thahna, hnim tur, natna venna, tlumpi thahna, etc. leh thil dang tam takah hman thin a ni a, a pawimawh dan chu thu a sawi mai hian a siak lo a ni ber mai. A thatna leh that lohna tam tak sawi tura awm a. “Heng Pesticide tel lo hian mihring kan awm thei a ngem? Mihring te nunna min suattu a ni zawk em?” tih te hi zawhna pawimawh tak tak chhan harsa si te an ni a. Mizoramah ngei pawh YMA General Conference thurel pawimawh tak zingah a tel a, chuvang chuan zirchian a, “Mizo te’n hetiang Chemical hi kan hmang nasa nge? kan chheh vel a ei leh in kan lakluhna vairam leh Burma ram lamin an hman nasat hi kan lo chhiatpui zawk?” tih te hi zawhna chhan harsa tak a ni phawt mai. A nihna takah chuan Mizoram pawh ei leh bar a mahni kan intodelh a nih ngawt loh chuan Chemical tello thlai hi kan ei thei tak tak dawn lova, kan thenawm Sikkim pawh Fully Organic State-ah inpuang mahse ram dang atanga eitur an la lakluh miau dawn avangin Chemical tel miahlo ei leh in chu van a rah ang tho a lo ni dawn a ni. Tlem a zawng in zirchiang dawn teh ang.

Vaimim eichhe tu Fall Armyworm

Fall armyworm pangang (Spodoptera frugiperda) hi rannung thil eichhe chi Lepidoptera chhungkaw zing a mi niin phengphehlep leh lungphur te nen chhungkaw khat a awm ho an ni a, thlai chi hrang hrang sawmriat (80) chuang an eichhe thin a, thlai chin thenkhat Vaimim, Buh, Faisa leh Fu bakah chawhmeh thlai leh La ah te pawh hmuh thin an ni a, nasa taka eichhia-in thlai thar tur awm lova eichhe thin rannung a ni a. Europe ram a thlai endiknaah Africa atanga thlai lo kal atangin hmuh chhuah a ni a, 2016 kum kha a ni nghe nghe. Africa ramah hian nasa takin Vaimim a eichhia tih hriatzui a ni, ramdang tam takah a darh chak mek hle a ni. 2018 khan he rannung chimawm tak mai hi India khawmualpui leh a chheh vel Bangladesh, China, Burma, Sri Lanka leh Thailand-ah te hmuh chhuah zui a ni.

Mizo chawhhmeh thlai hrang hrang thatna te

Mizo Hming                : Bal

Sap Hming                  : Colocasia / Taro

Scientific Hming         : Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

Family                         : Araceae

A thatna:                     Bal hian Vitamin A leh Vitamin C tha hnem tak a pai bakah Protein a pai tel a, hei hian taksa leh ti hrawl a siam chak bik a. Chumai bakah Starch a pai hnem avangin taksa tan chakna tha tak a ni bawk. Pumpui tan pai tawih a awlsam avangin naute chaw leh kum upa lam tan pawh ei mi tak a ni.       

Bal