GM Mustard Hybrid hi eng nge a nih chiah?

Kum 2009-a Bt-Brinjal (Bt-Bawkbawn) India rama chin theih tura sawrkarin a pawmpui tawh (GEAC clearance) mipuiin an dodal nasat em avanga tiam chin awm lova a tangkhang hnu-ah GM Mustard hybrid (GM chu Genetically Modified tihna mai a ni) thawmri kan lo hre leh ta a. Ka thil sawifiah tum hi Mizo ţawng veka dah a harsat avangin Minglish (Mizo+English) ka rawn hmang tel zeuh zeuh dawn a, chhiartuten in lo hrethiam a ni ang chu.

Source: Google image search

He GM Mustard hybrid hi Deepak Pental leh a hotena genetic engineering thiamna hmanga an siam chhuah a ni a, a hmingah DMH-11 (Dhara Mustard Hybrid-11) vuah a ni. DMH-11 hi Pental leh a hote chuan India rama Anţam check variety Varuna aiin 25-30% in a thar hlawk zawk a ni an ti a. Mihring, ran leh environment tan a him tawk leh tawk loh an zirchianna chipchiar chu phek 133 lai chhiar tur a awm a, a ţhen chuan in lo chhiarin ka ring. "Assessment of food and environmental safety (AFES) for Environmental release of Genetically Engineered Mustard (Brassica juncea) hybrid DMH-11 and use of parental events (Varuna bn3.6 and EH2 modbs 2.99) for development of new generation hybrids" tih Deepak Pental leh a hoten Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), MoEFCC Govt. of India hnena an thehluh chu vantlang mipui ngaihdan thehluh theih turin 5th Oct, 2016 thleng hun hawn a ni nghe nghe a nih kha (a chipchiara hre duh tan hetah http://www.moef.gov.in/content/ge-mustard en theih a ni).

Anţam thar hlawk chi ni siin eng vangin nge mi ţhenkhatten an dodal si?

He zawhna hi kan rilru ţheuhva lo lang hmasa ber pawl a nih a rinawm. Mi ţhenkhatin an dodal chhan ber chu GM technology hmanga siam chhuah a ni a, a ze kengtu chu Anţam ni lo aţanga lak a nih vang a ni. He Anţam-ah hian bacteria chi khat Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ze kengtu Barnase gene hman a ni a. Barnase chuan chu Anţam pa chi (pollen) chu a ti hût a, rah a chhuah thei lo va. Tin, he bacteria aţang tho zeng kengtu dang Barstar gene hmangin Anţam chi dang an siam bawk a; chu Anţam-ah thung chuan a chi a hût ve lo a, rah a chhuah thei bawk a. Chutichuan chu Anţam chi hnih chu an inthlahpawlhtir a, Barstar avang chuan rah a chhuah thei a, chumi chi (seeds) chu a ni DMH-11 an tih taka chu ni. Hei hi a Hybrid seed, lo neitute hnena pekchhuah (hralh chhuah) tur chu a ni.

Source: Google image search

India ramah hian kum 2002-03 aţang tawh khan Bt-Cotton hybrid (GM technology hmang thova siam) chu chin ţan a ni tawh a. He Bt-Cotton (Bt-La)-ah pawh hian bacteria chi khat Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ze kengtu Cry1Ac a awm a, chu chu La eichhetu rannungte tana thihna tûr a ni. GM Mustard hybrid dodaltute chuan La (Cotton) chu thlai eichi a ni lova, Anţam erawh chu India rama hriak-ei (hriak ei chi) thlai thar chhuah tam ber a ni an ti thung a. Chuvang chuan GM Mustard chu mihring leh ran hriselna atan a hlauhawm theiin an ring a ni.

A nih GM Mustard thlawptuten eng nge an sawi ve?

"GM thlai tho La (Bt-Cotton) chu kum 2002 aţanga chin ţan niin India La tharchhuah pawh a lêt hnih leh a chanve aia tam mahin a pun phah a. Tin, vawiin ni thlengin Bt-Cotton kan chin avangin mihring leh ran hriselna-in a nghawng chhiat engmah a thlen hriat a ni lo. Cotton chu mihringte thlai ei a ni lo tih hi a dik tawk lohna a awm bawk. A pakhatna-ah chuan La hian La chauh min pe lova, hriak leh oilcake (hriak herchhuahna fê) ranchaw atan min pe bawk a ni. La aţanga hriak kan hmuh hi Anţam hriak (2 maktaduai tonnes) tih lohva kan ram hriak-ei tharchhuah tam ber dawttu (1.4 mtd t) a ni. Chuvang chuan La chu thlai ei chi a nih lohna a awm hran lo. Tin, India rama Cotton kan chin hi 95% aia tam hi Bt-Cotton a ni a, mihring tana hlauhawm chhiatna thlen thei chu nise chhiatna a thlen hriat awm tawh âwm tak a ni a, mahse kan la hre lo chu a nih hi! A pahnihna-ah chuan India-in kumtin Badam hriak (Soybean oil) 3 mtd ton leh Anţam hriak 0.4 mtd ton ram dang aţangin a la lût a, chu pawh a tam zawk chu GM tho a ni. Chu lovah heng hriak a lakluh siamtute hi a ram sawrkar puihnaa siam a ni a, Bt-Cotton erawh chu private company (Monsanto) siam a ni," an ti thung.

GM Mustard Hybrid ni lo Mustard Hybrid chin tur kan nei lovem ni?

Nei e. Dupont Piooner private company pawhin Mustard Hybrid an zuar a, India ram state engemaw zatah an ching mek bawk. Tin, NRCHB-506 leh Coral-432 te pawh chin tur a awm a, amaherawhchu a chi a têt avangin loneituten an ching duh mang lova, hlawhchhama ngaih a ni.

A nih India ramin Mustard Hybrid kan mamawh rêng em?

GM Mustard thlâwptute chuan India-in kum tin Chêng vaibelchhe 60,000 hu hriak-ei ram dang aţangin a la lût a ni an ti a. Kum 2014-15 pawh khan India chuan hriak-ei 14.5 mtd ton, $10.5 tlûklehdingâwn hu zet a la lut a, chûng zinga 0.4 mtd ton chu Anţam hriak a ni. Kan ram kumtin hriak-ei tharchhuah chu 7.5 mtd ton aia tlem a ni a, hmun li-a ţhena hmun khat chu Anţam hriak a ni. Ram dang aţanga hriak-ei kan lakluh titlem tur chuan kan rama Anţam tharchhuah kan tihpun a ngai a. Kan tharchhuah tipung tur chuan Hybrid technology hi innghahnafâk a ni, a chhan chu a hlawhtlinzia thlai dang heng- Cotton leh Rice-ah te hian kan hmu thei awm e. Kan hriat tel atana pawimawh chu 'GM technology tel lo pawh hian Hybrid technology chauh hmang pawh hian India hriak-ei chauh ni lo, thlai dang dangah te pawh a tharchhuah nasa takin kan tipung thei a ni', tih hi. Tin, DMH-11 (GM hybrid) tluk deuhthawa thar hlawk, hybrid ni si lo, variety pangngai heng- Krishna, Narendra Rai, Vardan, Rohini, adt. kan nei tih kan hriat tel a ţha bawk.

A nih ram dangah GM thlai an ching ve em?

Ching tehmeuh mai, khawvel ram 28-ah GM thlai te hi chin mek a ni a; a ching tam ber chu U.S.A a ni a, a dawttu chu Brazil, a pathumna Argentina, a palina chu India a ni. U.S.A leh China ah chuan GM Thingfanghma pawh an ching a ni. Canada ramah phei chuan Anţam (95%), Sugarbeet (~100%), Maize (80%) leh Soybean (60%) an chin chu GM vek a ni a, heng an thlai chinte hi mihring mai bakah ran ei atan an hmang a ni; amaherawhchu processed hnu-ah a ni. Canada rama thil ei thlai aţanga siamchhuah chu 70% lai nia hriat a ni bawk. Bangladesh-ah pawh mihring ei atan Bt-Brinjal an ching tawh bawk. Heng hi entirna chauh a ni, a chunga ram 28-ah te pawh khian an GM thlai tharte chu processed emawin an ei deuh vekin a rinawm. Khawvela GM thlai chin chu a pung chho zela, amaherawhchu kum 2010 atang khan a chingtu ram hi a la punbelh lo va, eng vang nge a chhan ni ta ang? Kum 2016 khan GM thlai ching ţhin zinga Burkina Faso leh Romania ram te chuan GM thlai an ching lova, tichuan GM thlai ching ram 28 ni ţhin chu 26 a lo ni ta a ni. Heng ram 26-te hian nikum 2016 khan ram 185.1 million hactares (Mha)-a zauah GM thlai an ching a, USA (72.9 Mha; 39% global area) chu a ching tam ber ram a ni a, Brazil (49.1 Mha; 27%), Argentina (23.8 Mha; 13%) leh Canada (11.6 Mha; 6%)-in an dawt a, India (10.8 Mha; 6%) chu a panga-na a ni.

Bt-Cotton chungchang tlem azawng lo tarlan belh ila.

India rama GM crops chin awmchhun chu Bt-Cotton hi a ni. Sawi tawh angin Bt-Cotton hi U.S.A company Monsanto siam chhuah a ni a, a hlawkna têltu ber pawh anmahni tho a ni. Bt-Cotton hi thar hlawk hle angin lang mahse a eichhetu rannung laka a venhim tawk tawh lohna a awm ţan a, tin, tun hmaa Cotton eichhetu rannung hluar lo kha an lo hluar phah bawk a. Chu chuan insecticide hman a tih tam phah bawk a ni.

Bt-Cotton hian Cotton thar a tihlawk kan ti a ni thei, mahse a ni lo, a nihna takah chuan rannung thahna tûr (insecticide) hman a titlem a ni mai zawk. Cotton eichhetu rannungin a eichhiat tlem avangin La seng tur a titam a, chuvang chuan a thar hlawk kan ti a, dik tak chuan Bt-Cotton lo-ah pawh rannungin eichhelo se a thar theihzat a inang reng a ni, chuvang chuan a thar chhuah theihzat potential chu Bt leh Bt lo ah a ngai reng tihna a nih chu. Tin, Bt-Cotton chi man hi a to hle a, gram 450 hi chèng 1000 lai man lawih a ni a, hybrid a nih hlawm avangin a chi mahni thar chu chin leh atan a hmantlak loh a, lo hmang pawh nise a thar hlawk tawh lo. Hei vang tak hian a hlawkna chu a zuartu company-te leh a chingtu mihausaten an hlawkpui ber a ni. Bt-Cotton chingtu ţhenkhat phei chu khawkhêng emaw, rannung puang emaw avanga an thlai beisei tur ang an thar lohvin an leiba neih chuan a timangang a, mahni an intihhlum (commit suicide) phah fo bawk.  Bt-Cotton a nih avang hian lei chhia, khawkhêng, natna, adt. a do thei tihna a ni lo, a eichhetu rannung pangang lakah chauh a veng thei chauh a ni zawk. A chin dan ţhaa kan ching a nih loh chuan Bt-Cotton ni lo nen a danglamna vak a awm lo. Chuvang chuan Bt-Cotton ching tur chuan 'Eng nge Bt-Cotton chu a nih chiah?' tih hriat hmasak a ţul a ni, chutiangin GM thlai dangte pawh.

GM crops Mizoramah ching ve ila a ţha ang em?

He zawhna hi engtik ni-ah emaw chuan kan la tawng ngeiin a rinawm a, a ţhat leh a ţhat loh tur thu chu mahni ţheuh inzawt ila a ţha mai awm e. Kei chuan tun dinhmunah erawh hi chuan GM crops hi sawi ţha eltiang mahse kan ram Mizorama chin atan erawh chuan ka la duh lo. A chhan chu kan ram leilung hi a ţha tawka, thlai variety a tam bawk a, GM technology tello pawhin variety ţha siam theihna tur kan la ngah a, thlai chin dan hrim hrimah pawh kan la hnufual a, hmasawn belhna tur kan la ngah viauin ka hria. GM crops a luh tawh chuan 'Crop genetic pollution' a thleng tihna a ni, a chhan chu GM leh GM lo a inchiahpiah lo thei tak tak si lo. Tin, GM thlaite hian hun rei tak hnu-ah nghawng ţhalo a nei lo ang tih tuman kan hre lo bawk. Khawvel hi intlansiakna khawvel a nih avangin ram ţhenkhat chuan technology thar te hi an ram economy siam nan an hmang rêng a lo ni thei bawk. A bak chu ngaihtuah zawm zel atan ni teh se.