Sawhthing Chin Dan

(Requested)

Common Name :  Ginger

Mizo Hming :  Sawhthing

Scientific Name :  Zingiber offinale

Family :  Zingiberaceae

Origin :  Southern China 

Sawhthing hi thlai rimtui (Spices) kan tih zingah chhiar tel a ni a, thlai rimtui lam chi-ah phei chuan mihring in kan chin hmasak ber pawl ni a ngaih a ni. Sawhthing hi chaw hmeh-ah chauh ni lo pawh thil hrang hrang-ah an hmang nasa a. Chawhmeh atan te, thei tui leh in tui lam chi tih rimtui nan te, pickles siam nan te leh damdawi sawng bawl nan pawh hman a hlawh hle. India hi khawlvel-ah pawh a ching nasa ber ram kan ni a. India nilo ram dang sawhthing ching nasa ram te chu: West Indies, Brazil, China, Japan leh Indonesia te an ni. India bik-ah chuan sawhthing ching hnem te chu Kerela, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Meghaleya leh West Bengal te an ni. Kerela hi India ram a sawhthing nei hnem ber niin India sawhthing thar chhuah zawng zawng 25% hi Kerela atang a thar chhuah a ni. 

BORUAK LEH LEILUNG MAWMAWH DAN

Sawhthing hian ram lum leh uap, boruak hnawng a mamawh a. Tuifinriat atang a teh a ram san zawng 1500m (Above mean sea-level) thleng a sang-ah chin theih a ngaih a ni. A that duhna ber ram erawh 300 - 900 m vel a hmun sangah a ni thung. Ruah tlak tamna hmun-ah a hlawhthling zawk a, sawhthing lin hnu rei vak lo-ah ruah tlem a tlak hian tlai tan a tha a, thlai a than hun chhung zawng in ruah in sem rual takin tla thei se, sawhthing a lo puitlin a, chawh hma thlakhat vel-ah erawh khaw ro tak a duh thung a ni. Hma tak a phun hian a thlar a len bik bakah a thar pawh a hlawk duh zawk tih hriat tel a tha ang. 

Lei tha hmun, tui tlin theih lohna leh lei thawl lam ah sawhthing a tha duh a. Lei thlawl deuh a mamawh na chhan chu sawhthing zung / thlar a thang tha bikin a lian bik a. Lei ban lutuk ah chuan a thlar a in siam that theih loh vang leh tui a tlin duh bik avang in sawhthing chin nan hman loh hram hram a tha a ni. Sawhthing zung / thlar te'n boruak tha an mamawh ve a ni tih hriat tlan a tha ang. Kan hriat reng tur a pawimawh chu sawhthing hmun-ah tui a tlin chuan a thlar chu a lawng a, natna hrik leh rannung te'n an ei nasa bik a, chuvang chuan chawh tlak leh sawhthing thar hlawk nei tur chuan kan sawhthing chinna hmun ram-ah chuan tui tlin theihna reng reng chu kan siam tha zel tur a ni.

VARIETIES

Sawhthing Varieties chi hrang hrang te leh an chinna hmun te chu a hnuai a mi ang hi a ni e.-

State	Cultivars
Kerela	Karuppampadi, Wynad local, Valluvanad, Maran, Nadia, Maran/Lodi, Ernad, Rio-de-Janeiro, Jamaica
Orissa	Karuppampadi, Wynad types, Local types viz., Kuduli, Laxipur, Turia Junagarh, Raikia, Surapha leh Surchi
Andhra Pradesh	Local types viz., Medak leh Tuni
Himachal Pradesh	Himachal No.1, SG 666 (Dhariga local), SG 645 leh Narag
West Bengal	Gurubathan, Sambuk – A, Turuksadan, Malli, Rio-de-Janeiro, Thingpuri, Maran, Tura leh Bamboy Desi
Mizoram	Thingpuri (Thing-pui ??), Maran leh Rio-de-Janeiro
Manipur	Shing type, Thingpuri leh Shingtam
Meghalaya	Nadia, Poona, Rio-de-Janeiro, Wynad, Thingpuri leh Maran
Nagaland	Rio-de-Janeiro
Arunachal Pradesh	Shillong

Source: Handbook of Horticulture

SAWHTHING CHI SAWNGBAWL DAN 

Sawhthing chi hi damdawi (chemical) hmang a sawngbawl a nih loh chuan sawhthing tam kan tih mai thin hi a awm duh a. Sawhthing uluk tak a damdawi nen a sawngbawl erawh a tam khat hle a ni. Chuvangin sawhthing chin tum kan awm chuan a chi sawngbawl hi tih makmawh a ni. Sawhthing chu a thlar hi kan phun ber thin chu a ni a. Sawhthing thlar phun tur chu gram 15 – 20 vel a ni tur a ni a. Chem in sawhthing lin tur chu chan tet tur a ni. Chutiang a kan chan tet sa sawhthing chi chu 0.3% Dithane M-45 damdawi tui-ah darkar chanve (30 minutes) vel kan chiah ang, hei hian natna chikhat Fungus kan tih ho lakah sawhthing chu a veng thei a ni. Chu mai bakah 0.05% Malathion leh 200ppm Streptocycline a chiah leh hian bacteria chi natna pawh hneh takin a veng thei thin. Sawhthing hmun 1 Hectare a zauah sawhting chi Kg. 1200 – 1800 vel hi chin tawk vel a ngaih a ni.

Dithane M-45

Monochrotophos

Streptocycline

SAWHTHING ENKAWL DAN

Lin dan tur:

            Sawhthing chinna tur hmun chu vawi 4 – 5 vel tal leh phut tur a ni a, lei tlang hraw pui pui a awm tur a ni lo. A lin na tur chu lei chhun vum 15cm a sang, 3m a thui a ni tur a ni a. Lei chhun vum chu 40cm a zau a inkar hlat a ni tur a ni. Chutiang lei chhunvum chu ram tin 2 leh a chanve hmun-ah 2000 vel a leng a ngaih a ni. Hetiang a lei chhunvum (Ridge and Furrow) kan hman na chhan chu tui tling thei lo tur a siam na tur a ni. A hnuai a milem ah hian kan hrethiam mai ang chu.

Lei chhunvum / Ridge and Furrow method

Leitha pek dan tur:

            Lei kan leh phut lai khan bawngek leitha Kg. 2500 – 3000 vel uluk tak leh insem rual takin lei-ah khan leh pawlh ta ila. Nitrogen leitha Kg 75, Phosphorus Kg. 50 leh Potassium Kg. 50 pek tel tur a ni. Phosphorus leh Potassium leitha hi chu sawhthing kan lin rual in avai in kan pawlh nghal a nga. Nitrogen erawh chu a vai a pe nghal lovin, a zatve (Kg. 37 ve ve) ah then in a hmasa zawk chu sawhthing lin rual a pawlh mai tur a ni a, a chanve dang chu sawhthing lin atang a ni 40 a hla ah kan pe leh ang.          

Hlo thlawh leh Mulching:

Mulching kan tih chu kan chinna hmun kha hnim hnah emaw polythene dum a khuh kha a ni mai (a hnuai a milem ang hian). Mulching hi thlaiin an ngaih em em a, thlai than a ti tha a, lei chung a rannung a ti tam a, tui pek ngai a ti tlem a, leitha luang ral tur a ven bakah hmin to tur pawh hneh takin a veng thei a ni. Sawhthing hmun hi vawi hnih tal thlawh chhuan tur a ni a. Tunlai-ah hnimtur (Herbicides) hmang pawhin awlsam takin a kah fai mai theih a ni. Thlai ti chhe lo tur a fimkhur erawh a pawimawh hle a ni.

Hnim hnah hmang a Mulching

 

Polythene dum hmang a Mulching

Crop Rotation / Intercropping:

            A hmun ngaiah sawhthing hi kum tam tak thlai dang ching miah lova kan chin char char chun chhiatna tam tak a thlen thei a – thlai natna a ti pung a, leitha a ei zo hma a, thlai ei chi rannung a pun duh bak ah thil tam tak that lohna a nei a ni. Chuvangin mithiam te’n Crop rotation an tih mai hi an rawn duang chhuak a. Chu mi zul zui chuan thlai chin pawlh tur hrang hrang a awm a, chung te chu – Bal, hmarcha-te, buh, badam leh vaimim te nen kan chin pawlh emaw a kum inkar thlak in kan ching thin tur a ni.

A lem a mi ang hian Intercropping ah chuan thlai chi hrang hrang an chin pawlh thin a ni.

HARVESTING AND POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT

Sawhthing chu lin atang a thla 8-na ah a chawh theih tan thin a. Sawhthing hnah te a lo ro a, a hnah hring hlap kha a lo en hnu-ah a chawh theih tan thin. Sawhthing Tin 2 leh a chanve hmun (1 Hectare) atang hian sawhthing 15 – 20 Tonnes vel a thar thei a ni. Sawhthing chu hi chi hrang hrang a hman a nih ang in Green Ginger hi chu phun atang a thla 5-6 velah chawh tur a ni a. A thlar chu uluk tak a tui nen vawi 2-3 vel sil fai hnu-ah nisa ah ni khat phoro tur a ni. Dry Ginger tur chu sawhthing pil kha mau rawp hmang a vuak fai tur a ni a. Chu mi hnu-ah kar khat chhung nisa ah phoro tur a ni.

Green Ginger

Dry Ginger