OYESTER MUSHROOM KHAWI DAN

Hei pa khawi dan chu ka rawn ziak ve ta rawih mai a, Mizoram awitlei tu leh zaithiam ka tih em em Daduhi Khiangte min request vangin phur takin ka han ziak ve a ni e. In hman tangkai ngei ka beisei.

Pa khawi hi thil harsa a ni lova, mahse pawimawh em em chu kan khawina hmun tur kha a fai em em mai tur a ni. Kan hmanraw hman pawh a faiin a thianghlim em em vek tur a ni. A chhan chu pa hi fungus chi khat mai a ni a, pa khawina hmun kha fungus dang pawn an ngeih em em avangin awlsam takin kan pa khawi kha fungus dangin an ti chhe thei a ni. Chu vang in kan fimkhur em em tur a ni. A sap tawng takin " Everything used must be sterilized" a ni tawp mai.

Pa taksa bung hrang / Mushroom morphology

A KHAWI HUN
 

Oyster Mushroom tan a boruak lum leh vawh lam tha ber chu 23 - 25 Celcius inkar hi a ni a. October leh April inkar hi a khawi hun tha ber a ni bawk.

SUBSTRATE

Buh pawl (Rice Straw) pa khawina'n cellulosic materials ah chuan a tha ber a. Buh pawl thar lam tak emaw, uluk tak a dah that hman tur a ni a, rangkachak rawng ang deuhin a eng sar tur a ni. Buh pawl ruahin a nan tawh chu hman tlak a ni tawh lo.

SPECIES:
1. Pleurotus sajor-caju ( Grey oyster mushroom)
2. Pleurotus flabellatus
3. Pleurotus sapidus
4. Pleurotus citrinopileatus
5. Pleurotus cornucopie
6. Pleurotus florida
7. Pleurotus ostreatus (Hirakitake)
8. Pleurotus eous (Pink mushroom)

CULTIVATION METHOD

(BUH PAWL SAWNGBAWL DAN)

1. Buh pawl chu 5cm vel a seiin chan sawm vek tur.

2. Buh pawl chan sawm chu tui ah Darkar 6 - 8 vel chiah tur. Buh pawl chungah khan enge maw rit  deuh tui a ti pil thei tur dah tur.

3. Buh pawl chu chiah zawh hnuah a tui kan chiahna kha kan paih vek ang.

(BUH PAWL TIH THIANGHLIM DAN / SUBSTRATE STERILIZATION)

1. Tui chhuan so hluah tur (85 celcius tal a sa a ni tur a ni). Buh pawl tui a kan chiah tawh hnu chu tui so ah chuan kan chhum ang, minute 30 vel tal kan chhum so tur a ni. Kan chhum so laiin kan chhin phui tlat tur a ni.  He tia kan tihna chhan chu rannung leh thilnung reng reng kan chhum hlum vek dawn vang a ni.

2. Kan buh pawl chhuan so chu kan la chhuak a nga, tuiso ah hian bawh pawl dang pawh chhuan zawm leh mai tur a ni. Chhan so hnuah chuan buh pawl Kg. 1 a rit kha Kg. 3 a lo ni tawh ang.

3. Kan buh pawl chhuan so sa chu hmun fai takah kan chhep darh a nga, kan ti dai tur a ni. Pawimawh em em chu kan buh pawl chheh darhna hi a fai em em tur a ni ringawt. U luk tak a sil fai a, dettol a zut leh vek tur a ni a chhehna hmun tur kha. Buh pawl chu kut a han hmer in tui a thli far lo thei turin ro deuh in ka thli thlawr leh ang.

4. Carbendazim @ 1 gram (hei hi fungicide a ni a, agriculture lam dawrah chuan lei tur a awm ve ang.) hi tui litre hnih (2) ah kan chiah a nga, chu chu hand sprayer in kan buh pawl dah hulah khan kan kap ang. Sprayer a kah/phuh lai hian kan chawk let vel tur a ni a. He mi kan tih chhan chu kan buh pawl kha fungus emaw bacteria in a lo ti bawlhhlawh loh nan a ni a. Green mould lakah pawh a veng thei a ni.

Polythene lak chhuah tawh hnu a buhpawl (Mushroom bed) lan dan

(BUH PAWL DAHNA TUR POLYTHENE BAG SIAM DAN)

Note: Polythene hi sterilized vek tur a ni a, hman hma in cooker ah min 15 chhuan emaw, tui a chhuan so bawrh bawrh phawt tur a ni.

1. Polythene a len zawng 40cm X 60 cm kan hmang ang. A sei zawngin vawi li (4) kan thlep a nga, hmun sawmhnih velah tih kuak tur ( Punch machine emaw tulthir pawh a hman tlak). Polythene hi a fim aiin a dum lam, langtlang thei lo hi pa (spawn) in an ngeih zawk.

2. Polythene chu a mawng lamah hruiin ka tawn ang. Hemi kan tih chhan chu a mawng a bial theih nan a ni.

(PA CHI SAWNGBAWL DAN/ MAKING READY THE SPAWN)

1. Pa chi (spawn) hi 200 gram a pack sa a ni deuh vek thin a. Pa khawina (mushroom bed) polythene khat hi kg. 3 vel a ni tur a ni a, pa chi spawn chu polythene khatah 100 gram vel kan hmang tlangpui thin.

2. Spawn 200 gm a rit chu hmun hnihah (100gm ve ve) kan phel phawk a nga, paper chung a dah tur. 100gm spawn chu hmun li ah kan phel sawm leh tur a ni a, chu chu 25gm vek a nih chu.

(BORUAK LUHNA TUR SIAM/ MAKING READY THE VENTILATION PIPE)

1. PVC pipe neih a ngai a, a len zawng chu a lai hawlh tlangin 3mm vel tur a ni (3mm diameter). 35cm vel a sei tur a nih chu. Pipe chu 5cm inkar dan ah a lai hawlh tlangin ka verh tlang vek tur a ni.

(PA CHI TUH / SPAWNING)

1. Kan polythene bag siam kha kan la anga, kan keu ang anga, buh pawl 10 cm vel a chhah kan thun phawt ang. Muk deuh hlek turin kan kut in kan zuk nem a nga, chu mi hnuah chuan kan PVC pipe siamsa kha a lai takah kan zuk tung ang.

2. Chutia kan tih zawh hnuah chuan pa chi (spawn) 25gm kha buh pawl chungah chuan kan zuk theh thet thet anga, a sir lam deuh ah theh tam zawk tur a nia.

3. Spawn kan theh zawh ah buh pawl dang kha polythene chhungah chuan 10 cm vel a chhah in a hma a kan tih ang chiah khan kan zuk dah leh a nga, kan nem leh deuh ang, chuan spawn bawk chu kan theh leh thet thet ang. Hetiang hian kan ti zel a nga, chu ti chuan buh pawl kha layer/ chhawr chhuan 5 vel a nih thleng kan ti dawn nia. A tawp ah pipe kha ti lawrin hrui in nghet takin kan thlung tawh mai tur a ni.

PA CHI-IN ZUNG A KAIH TAN / SPAWN RUNNING

Pa khawi tur polythene a kan dah fel tawh chu a khawina hmun /room ah kan dah tawh a nga. Pa khawina room chuan eng a mamawh lova, a thim a dah tur a ni. Pa hian eng aiin thim an duh zawk a, thim-ah an to chak zawk bawk a ni. Pa khawina room lum zawng hi 25 celcius ni theise duh thusam a ni a, hei erawh ngei ngei a ngai chuang lo, temperature ka han thai lan zawng zawng hi duhthusam mai an ni a, ngei ngei tur ang a ngaih erawh a ni chuang lo. Mahse inthlau leh lutuk erawh ni lo thei hram se. Pa, polythene a kan dah kha a lo to tan a nga, polythene leh buh pawl vel kha a lo paw deuh chuk ang, chu chu spawning kan ti mai thin.Spawning hian ni 14 vel a awh a, chu mi hnu ni 4 vel ah pa te chu a lo puitling tawh thin a ni. Spawning ni 14 emaw, polythene chhung a pawt deuh chuk tawh chuan polythene chhung a buhpawl kha kan la chhuak a nga, a lo khal tawh bawk dawn avangin hmun rem laiah kan dah tawh mai ang. A polythene erawh kan paih daih thung ang. Pa te hian boruak an mamawh ve avang in kan khawina room ah khan boruak lut thei turin ventilation kan hawng mai dawn nia. Mahse ventilation atang a lo lut thei rannung dan nan thosilen chhia zar erawh tihmakmawh a ni e.

Spawn running....khi mi var deuh khi pa chi/mycelium to tan a ni e

 PA ENKAWL DAN / CARE DURING CROPPING

Sawi tawh ang khan pa chu a lo to tan tawh ang. Chu mi hnu a pa kan enkawl zui zel dan tur-

1. Polythene kan lak chhuan atanga ni 2 chhung chu pa tui pek a ngai lo a, pek rih loh tur a ni e.

2. A ni thumni atangin tui kan pe tan anga, sprayer hmangin tui kan pe ang, tam a ngai lova, tui pekin pa-ah tak tui tih huh loh tum hram hram tur a ni a, buhpawl-ah khan tui chu kan spray mai dawn nia.

3. Polythene kan lak chhuak atanga ni 6 - 7 vel a thar hmasa ber kan tem thei a nga. Chu mi hnu chawlhkar khat danah a thar 2na leh 3na pawh kan la thei zel tawh mai dawn a ni. Pa kan lak zawh tawh hnu thlakhat a tlin tawh chuan buhpawl kha kan paih daih tawh dawn nia. Chu mi hma chuan pa kan thar thei reng rih tawh dawn a nih chu.

PA NATNA HRANG HRANG TE-

1. Green Mould: Polythene chhung a kan buhpawl dahah khan patek ang deuh a hring deuh nghulh a awm chuan green mould fungus (Trichoderma harzianum) a awm tihna a ni a, hetiang a awm chuan pa a to tha thei lo thin a. Chuvangin a ven nan Carbendazim kha kan phuh tur a ni. (Part -1 lamah carbendazim kah dan chu a awm kha, kha mi mai te kha a ni e.) He tiang a lo awm fuh a nih chuan, a awmna bik polythene leh buhpawl kha paih daih tur, a dangah a kai a hlauhawm e mai!!

2. Ink-Cap fungus: Hetiang hi pa chikhat tho a ni a, mahse a ei tlak loh. Chutiang chu buhpawlah khan a lo to ve thei thin a ni. Ink cap fungus awm chhan ber chu buh pawl tha lo emaw ruah in a nan huh tawh buh pawl emaw buhpawl trawih kan hman vang a ni thin. Chuvangin buhpawl thar ser sawr emaw uluk tak a dah that chauh kan hmang thin tur a ni.

3. Bacterial Browning: He natna hmuh dan awlsam ber chu kan pa khawi lu (cap/pileus) vel-ah khan thil uk deuh khuih a lo awm thin a ni. He mi lo awm chhan ber chu - pa tui kan pek laiin pa kha kan tih huh nasat lutuk thin vang a ni. Chuvangin tui pek laiin pa tak aiin buhpawl ah khan pek thin zawk tur a ni. Hetiang natna a awm chuan Bleaching powder 2gm, tui liter  10 a pawlhdal in kan kap dawn nia.

PA EICHHE THEI RANNUNG HRANG HRANG TE:

Pa ei chi rannung tlang lawn deuh te chu Sciarid fly, Phorid fly, Cecid fly, leh Beetle chi hrang hrang te an ni a, heng ho ven dan leh a thah dan tlangpui chu:

1. Pa chu a lak a hun velah lak zel tur, an upat lutuk chuan rannung in tui nan an hmang duh.

2. Pa kan khawina room bul vel kha bleaching powder in kah thuak thuak tur.

3. Azadirachtin pawlh dal kah tur. Hei hi NEEM thing kan tih atang a lak chhawn a ni a, chemical a ni lo. A hlauhawm loh.

4. Chemical chi hrang hrang Malathion 50 EC, Nuvan, Endosulfan emaw kah tur. Hei hi chu rannung in a ei ngei a ni tih chian hunah chauh kah tur. A hlauhawm ve deuh. Tin, heng ho hi contact insecticide vek an ni a, systemic insecticide hman miah loh tur. (Systemic insecticide chu Dawr a zuar ho in an hre viau a ni, zawh mai tur).

5. Kan khawina room tukverh leh ventilation vel kha rannung luh theih lohna turin Net emaw Thosilen chhia pawh phui takin kan zar mai dawn nia. 

Hei hi polythene la chhuak loin pa rawn to tawp a, an enkawl uluk tawk lo a nih hmel, hetiang hi chuan pa a thar hlawk thei lo hle a ni.