Tomato Chin Dan

Tomato chu enge a nih?

Botanical Hming   : Lycopersicn esculentum Mill.
Family                    : Solanaceae
Origin                     : South America.

• Tomato hi thlai zing a ngaihhlut hlawh ber pakhat a ni a, khawvel pumpuiah an ching in an ei thin a ni.
• Vaitamin leh minerals min pe tu thlai zing a pawimawh ber pakhat a ni.  
• England ah chuan duat takin ‘Love of apple’ tiin a hming an phuah a.
• India ramah erawh chuan an ngaihlut em avangin ‘Poor man’s orange’ tiin an koh thin thung.

Tomato a vitamin awm hrang hrang te.

 Tomato damdawi atan…

• Tomato tui hi thisen ti thianghlim tu tha tak a ni a, kan thil ei paitawih theihnan a min pui tu tha tak a ni tel.

• Rilchhung natna lakah tomato hian min veng thei ni a ngaih a ni.

• Thlai tam takin pum chhung leh ril venghim tu a tan a tha a ni.

• Zir chinna atang a an sawi chu prostrate cancer leh li chaw dawt cancer lak a min veng tu tha tak a ni an ti.

• Zirchianna atang a a lan dan chuan tomato kartin a vawi 10 tal chaw hmeh atan a hmang thin chuan protrate cancer an neih theihna chance 45% zet in a ti tla hniam thei tih hi a ni. He hi a chhan chu Tomato in Lycopene apai vang niin an ngai.

• Khawvel hmun hrang hrang atangin tomato ei hian chawkawng cancer a ti tlem thei a ni tih report a lut hnem viau a.

• Scientist te’n tunhnai a an hmuchhuah thar chu Italy chhim lam a cheng te’n kartin tomato vawi 7 tal chawhmeh a hmang thin te chu rilpui cancer, tai cancer leh pumpui cancer lak ata 60% zet in tomato eitlem tlem thin te aiin an him zawk a ni tih hi.

• Iran ramah chuan 40% zet in oesophageal cancer lak ata  kar tin a tomato ei thin te hi ei lo aiin an him zawk niin report a awm a.

• America ramah cancer vang a thihna hi 50% zetin tomato eitam thin (tar atanga naupang thlengin) – te ah chuan a tlem zawk a ni an ti bawk.  

Tomato chi hrang... 

•  Determinate tomato chuan than tawp chin a nei thin a, a tlangpuiin a buk deuh laih thin. Feet 3 – 4 thleng an thang thei a. Rah a chhuah hun hun ah a than chu a tawp ve nghal thin. A zaman siam a awlsam in tam takah chuan a ngai lo chawk thin. Pot vel a chin chi tak a ni.

• Indeterminate tomato chuan than chin an nei lova, rah a chhuah hnuah pawh nasa takin an thang thei a, khawvawt in a hmeh hlum hma chu an thang thei. Feet 12 lai a sei te pawh an thang thei a, mahse feet 6 vel hi a enkawl nuam tawk ni a ngaih a ni. Kum tluanin rah lawh tur a awm thin a, a zamna uluk tak a siam sak a ngai thin a ni.

Tomato chi hrang pahnih te.

 Botany of Tomato...

• Tomato hian zung ‘tap root’ nghet tha tak mai a nei a, mahse phun sawn lai hian kan ti chhe thin a ni.

• A tap root kan ti chhiat thin avangin a sir vel a a zung te zawk chu nasa takin an thang ta thin a.

• Tomato hian zung thuk tak a nei a, meter 1 atang a meter 1.5 thleng a thui te zung a kaih thei a ni.

• A zungkaihna tur lei a sak lutuk erawh chuan thui tak a thang thei lova, chuvang chuan zung thuk tak a a kaih theih na turin tomato hmun chu dur tha tak a siam a pawimawh hle.

Tomato zung lan dan

Boruak Mamawh Dan:

Tomato hi khawlum thlai a ni a, hlawk tak a thar tur chuan khawlum hun chhung a mamawh rei viau a ni.Tomato that theihna ber boruak chu 21 – 24 °C a ni a. Khawvawt 16°C ai a vawh chuan tomato a tha thei lova, 27°C ai a lum a nih pawhin a rah tha thei lo ni a sawi a ni. 13°C ai a khua a vawh chuan a parin rah a chhuah thei lo niin sawi a ni. Lycopene (tomato ti sen tu) hi 21 - 24°C ah a tam ber a. Tomato hian tui tling a haw em em a, ruah tui tlak tamna hmunah chuan tui luan chhuahna siam ngei ngei a ngai a, chutiang a nih loh chuan tomato a chin theih loh.

Lei Mamawh Dan: 

Tomato hi lei thlawl deuh atang a lei ban ah pawh an ching thin a, a that duhna ber erawh chu leitha hmun, lei dur, hnawng pai thei deuh hi a ni. Lei thur lutuk lo a mamawh bawk.

Nursery Siam dan:

• Tomato chi hi a zang hle a, huan tin 21/2 hmun atang tomato chi gram 300 – 500 vel a ngai a. Tomato hi thlai phunsawn chi a nih avangin nursery a kui tiah phawt a ngai thin. 

• Nursery tur hmun chu tlem a sang deuh a siam a tha a, hei hian ruah a sur pawhin tui a tlin loh nan a pui dawn a ni. Nursery ah chuan bawngek lei tha pawlh a ngai a, nursery hmun zau zawng meter 1 zel ah bawngek leitha Kg 3 pawh tur a ni a, chumi hnuah chuan uluk tak a lei nen leh pawlh tur a ni. Fertilizer pawh pawlh a pawi lova, Urea, DAP leh MOP Kg chave teuh lei nen a leh pawlh pawh a tha viau a ni. A tiak tha tak nei tur chuan tomato chi chu damdawi nen chiah a tha hle. Tomato chi chu nursery ah chuan a theh a theh emaw a line thlap a chin tur a ni a, zir chianna ah chuan a line thlap a siam hi a tha zawkin a theh a theh hi chuan natna chi khat damping off kan tih hi an kai sam zawk niin hriat a ni. Line thlap a kan ching dawn a nih chuan a bi inkar hi 7.5 cm inkar vel a zau a ni tur a ni. Hei hian hnim pawh fai leh a tiak pawh a ti awlsam a ni. Nursery a thlai chi kan kui zawh tawh chuan buhpawl emaw hnimro in a chi a tiah hma chuan khuh rih tur a ni. Thlai tiak te chu thli na lutuk, ruah sur emaw nisa lakah an him a tha hle.  

• Thlai tiak te chu kar tin damdawi hmangin natna in a tih buai loh nan ven thin tur a ni. Chu mi atan chuan Dinthane – M45 emaw Difolatan hman thin tur a ni.
• Nursery a thlai tiak te chu kar 3 – 4 velah phunsawn an lo hun tawh a. Thlai tiak te chu phun sawn hmain tih chan (hardening) phawt an ngai thin a. Hetiang a ti tur chuan phunsawn hma ni 4 -5 vel tui pek loh tur a ni. Phunsawn dawn tak takah chuan tui tlem pekthin a tha a, hetiang a tih hian phun sawn a nawm zawk bakah a zung chhe tur a veng ve thin a ni. Phun sawn lai hian ni a sa lutuk tur a ni lova, ni a sat viau chuan tlai ni nemah tih mai thin tur a ni.  

• Tomato tiak phunsawn hian a bi inkar hi uluk a ngai viau a, a bi a zin lutuk chuan tomato thar hnem mahse a rah a lian thei lo, chu bakah rannung leh natna a hluar bik bawk a ni. Chuvang chuan a bi inkar hi tomato zam chi ah chuan 60 – 120cm row to row leh 15 – 75 cm plant to plant vel hi a tawk a ni. 

• Phun sawn zawh vel a tui pek nghal hian a zung leh lei a in nawk tir hma bakah nisa ah pawh thlai a chhe lo deuh bik a ngaih a ni.

Nursery a tomato chi line thlap a phun dan.

Polythene dum hmang a tomato mulching ve thung

Buhpawl hmang a tomato mulching

Nutrient Management:

Nitrogen (Urea) hi thlan than nan te, a par a chhuah theih nan leh a rah that theih nan a chaw pawimawh ber ni mahse pek tam lutuk chuan thlai puitlin hun a ti rei in a rah a tet phah thei a ni.

Phosphorus erawh chu thlai zung a that theih nan leh chaw tam zawk an hip luh theih na tur a pui tu chaw tha tak a ni.

Potassium hi erawh thai in an mamawh natna do theih nan te leh rah mawi zawk leh rawng tha zawk an neih theih nan a pui tu a ni ve thung.

A tlangpuiin NPK hi 150:60:60 kg ang velin huan 1 hectare ah pek thin tur a ni.

Intercultural Operation

• Tomato chinna bul vel chu tui pek zawh apiangin cheh dur deuh thin tur a ni.

• Tomato phun sawn atang a ni 45-na velah hlo tur Oxuflurofen @0.25 Kh a.i. / ha vel leh kut a hlo tloh hi a tangkai hle.

• Tomato zaman uluk tak a siam thin hi tomato thar hlawk leh indeterminate chi a tan chuan a pawimawh hle a. A zaman hi mau emaw hrui a siam mai theih a ni. A zaman siam tangkaina te chu – 

                    1. Thlai thar a ti hlawk
                    2. Rannung leh natna lak atang a ven nan
                    3. A rah lawh a ti awlsam
                    4. Damdawi chi hrang hrang kah a awlsam bik.

Tomato zam tir dan

Tomato zam tir dan

Hi-Tech hnuai a tomato an zam tir dan

Tui Mamawh Dan:

Tomato hi zung thuk tak nei chi a nih avangin ruahtui a tlak tam loh pawh in a tuar thei viau a ngaih a ni a. Mahse tui tling erawh chu a haw em em thung.

Tui tam lutuk a huat ang chiah in tui tlem lutuk pawh a haw hle a ni.

Tui kan pek theih chuan nipui laiin chuan ni 3 -4 danah tui pek thin tur a ni a, thlasik lai erawh chuan ni 10 – 15 inkar dan velah pek thin tur a ni.

Tomato tui pek dan awlsam (Modified Pitcher Irrigation)

Tomato rah lawh hun hrang hrang te-

Tomato natna te:

1. Damping Off
Nursery a tomato tiak te ti chhe tu ber natna a ni a. Thlai tiak hlim chu a zung atang a beiin a kung leh lei she chinah nget a siam thin a, a rei hnu phei chuan a hnah a roin a thi mai thin a ni.

A control nan fytolan emaw Captan hman thin a ni.

Damping off natna

2. Early blight
Tomato ei chhe tu natna zing a hluar ber pakhat a ni a. Thlai naupang lam pawh eichhe thin mahse atlangpui in thlai puitling ah a hluar bik a. A natna lan chhuahna hmasa ber chu a hnah a val bial kulh a lo awm a, zawi zawi in a thi zui mai thin a ni.

A control nan difolatan @ 0.2%, dithane M – 45 @ 0.2% leh Bavistin @ 0.1% te hman thin a ni.

Early Blight natna

3. Root Knot Nematode
Tomato zung a ei chhe vek thin. A hnah a vuaiin a rawng a dal thin a, a than a ti thu a, ni a sat viau phei chuan awlsam takin a kung a thi mai thin a ni.

A control nan Carbofuran 1 kg, neem cake leh Urea chawhpawlh (100 kg) te 1 ha hmun ah hman thin tur a ni.

Rootknot (Rulhut) natna

 ARKA RAKSHAK

• Indian Institute of Horticulture Research chuan tomato chi thar an siam chhuak a, a hming chu Arka rakshak a ni. He variety hian kung khatah Kg. 19 a thar chhuak thei a, hei hi loneitu te huan ngeiah enchhin tawh a ni.

• Arka rakshak hi tomato thar hlawk bik leh natna do thei tur a IIHR Scientist te duan chhuah a ni.

• IIHR’s Principal Scientist leh Head of the Division of Vegetable Crops A.T. Sadashiva chuan “India ram a tomato chi hrang zawng zawng ah a thar hlawk thei ber niin a sawi a, tun a chhin chhiah chinah chuan 15 kg kung khat a thar thei tomato dang a awm a, mahse hei hi arka rakshak hian a khum zan a. 190 tons lai loneitu te huanah a thar chhuak thei a ni” tiin a sawi.

• Chandrappa, loneitu pakhat, Devasthanadahosalli khua Chikkaballapur district a mi chuan arka rakshak hi chingin  38 tonnes lai tomato kung 2,000 atangin a thar thei a, a ram zau zawng pawh acre chanve chauh a ni a. Tomato dang chu nise 20 tonnes bak a thar chhuak ngai meuh lo a ni.

• “Rs. 2.75 lakh lai lei chhuakin a rate pawh Rs. 5 - Rs. 11 / kg chauh niin  November 2012 atanga January 2013 thleng chauh chhut niin chu pawh a enkawlna senso Rs. 80000 paih vek hnu ah niin he loneitu hian a sawi bawk.

Internet lam a Arka Rakshak chungchang an ziah dan