Thei Zar Hlawi Dan leh Enkawl Dan

CANOPY MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT TREES

            Pruning chu thlai a zar leh a kung thenkhat hlawi leh sahthlak hi a ni ber a, chumi kan tih nachhan chu thlai pianzia a lo dik zawk nan te, a than a that zawk nan te, a par leh a rah a lo tam nan te, thlai rah tui zawk kan neih theih nan leh thingkung zar tha lo siamthat nan te ani. Thingkung chu a zar hlawi (Pruning) tel lova than tir tawp mai chuan a rah te a tlem duh bik a, chuvang chuan a zar hlawi ngei mai hi a tha viau ani.

Thlai thenkhat erawh chuan zar hlawi an mamawh lem lova, a bikin khawlum thlai (Tropical Fruit Crops), a hnah tlakawlh ngailo chi, entirnan theihai te ang chi hi chu a zar hlawi miah lo pawh in tha tak in a rah thei thin a, a zar chhia leh rannung remaw natna in a ei te chauh paih thin ani.

Lakhuih thei, Thingfanghma leh Balhla ah te pawh pruning tih a ngai lo a, tha takin a rah thei tho ani. Thlasik emaw nipui a hnah tla kawlh chi (Deciduous trees) ah erawh chuan kum tin Pruning (a zar hlawi) a ngai thin thung a. Entirnan, Apple, Pear, Theihmul leh Grape te.

Deciduous Tree

Thlai thenkhat ah erawh chu an  naupan deuh lai chauh in pruning tih a ngai thin a, chungte chu ser, theibuhfai leh kawlthei te ang chi ah hian a ni.

Pruning ti lai

TRAINING OF PLANTS

            Training han tih hian thlai chu duhthusam a pianphung tha a neih theih nan a enkawl leh hrem hi a ni ber mai a. Training nan chuan a zar hrui hmang a hrem te, a zamna tur siam te hi a ni deuh ber ang chu. Grape te chu training nan thirhruiah zam tir thin a ni a, Pergola system te leh kniffin system te a train thin a ni.Thingkung sang chi te pawh hniam tak a an rah theih nan hrem thin an ni a, chutiang tur chuan a zik hlawi chum te leh a zar sang bik te chu hlawi then thin a ni bawk thin.

Espalier Type Training

TRAINING & PRUNING TIH DAN TUR.

Apical Dominance: Thlai reng reng chu, a chung zawng a thang thin an ni a. Sang tak tak thleng a thang thei te pawh an awm thin. Thlai a san lutuk chuan a rah lawh leh enkawl te a ti harsa thin a. Chuvang chuan a sang lutuk tur ven nan a zik hlawi chum thin tur a ni. Hei hi Apical Dominance an ti a, hormone chikhat Auxin vang a ni.

A zung leh kung in chawih tawk: Thlai reng reng a zung leh a kung a in chawih tawk tur a ni a, chutiang thlai chu a hrisel in a rah a thar tam bik bakah a tui bik thin a ni. Thlai emaw thingkung a zar kan hlawi in tam lutuk hlawi tur a nil ova, a hnah te hi thlai chaw lakna a nih avangin kan hlawi tam lutuk chuan chaw tha an duh ang tawk an hmu lo thin a ni.

Thlai mamawh boruak siam danglam: Boruak hi thlai tan a tangkai em em a. Tangkai tak a hman a nih theih nan Training leh Pruning hi a pawimawh hle a ni. Ni eng in thlai hnah buk chhunglam a chhun theih hi a pawimawh viau a. Thlai rah rawng mawi tak nei tur chuan ni eng a hmuh that a pawimawh hle bawk a ni. Thlairah ni eng hmu thalo chu a rawng a mawi thei lova, a tui loh bakah a rah pawh a te deuh bik thin a ni. Thingkung chu thli fim in a chhem tlang thei tur a ni a, thlifim hmu tha thing reng reng chu natna leh rannung te pawhin an ei lo bik thin. Chutiang tur chuan thingkung buk chhungril lam chu boruak leh eng hmutha thei tur in sah kuak thin tur a ni. A buk a thawl that chuan rannung leh natna do na damdawi pawh awlsam takin a kah theih thin a ni.

Open Centre

TRAINING LEH PRUNING THIL TUM:

Thlai than dan tur siam: Thlai reng reng enkawl an nih loh chuan an mahni in than dan tur hrang hrang khuanu duan sa an nei vek a. An mahni a than tir tawp kan duh chuan a zar hlawi chu a zar chhia paih nan chauh hman thin tur a ni. A than dan tur siam danglam kan duh erawh chuan uluk tak a hrem emaw a tang hlawi chu kan tih tur ani.

Thing zar chak tak neih nan: Thing zar leh a kungpui chak tha tak neih hi kan tum tur a ni a. Thingzar chu eng ang a kau nge tha ang tih ngaihtuah a pawimawh a. Thing zar kau lam teh na hi ‘Angle’ an ti thin a. Thingzar chu a kau that loh a (40^o angle hnuai lam) a nih chuan thli na tak leh a rah a tam chuan a dawl lova, a tliak mai thin a ni. Thlai chu a naupan lai atang in training tha tak pek chuan zar chak tak a nei thin a. Thing zar reng reng chu angle 40^o-90^o a nih hian a chak tha em em thin a ni.

Thlai than zawng bituk: Pruning (a zar hlawi) hmang hian thlai than kan ti thu thei a. Thlasik lai leh nipui lai a thingzar hlawi thin hian thlai than nasa takin a ti muang thei a. Pruning hi thlai par hun bituk nan pawh a hman theih a ni.

Thlai sen a zar train lai 

A thar tam lam bituk nan: Thlai chu a rah emaw, a par emaw, a tang lam te pawh Pruning hmang in a control theih a. Pruning kan tih hun hian kawngro a su em em ani. Thlai chu a rah sen kan paih hnem viau chuan a rah a tlem anga, mahse a rah a lian in a tui thung thin a ni.Thingzar rah chhuah thei lo chu paih zel mai tur a ni.

A rah tha neih nan: Thlai rah Quality tha neih nan Pruning a tangkai hle a. Quality tha tih chuan- a rawng mawi lam te, a tui leh tui loh te leh a rah len leh len loh te a ni a. Thlai rah chuan ni eng leh boruak thianghlim a hmuh that hian a tui bik in a rawng pawh a mawi bik hle a. Thlai rah ten boruak tha an hmuh theih nan thing zar buk lutuk ang chi te chu hlawi then deuh te a ngai thin a. Grape chu thlasik lai a a tang hlawi hian rah tha leh tui a chhuak tir thei a. Thlai rah tui leh hrisel neih hi Pruning thil tum ber pakhat a ni bawk a ni.

Thlai huanah thing zar a in vuak thuah hi thil tha a ni lova. Thing zar in vuak thuah hma in a zar kan hlawi thin tur a ni.

 

THINGKUNG TRAIN DAN

            Training in a tum bulpui ber chu thing zar tha leh chak tak neih a ni a. Thing train that chu thli na deuh emaw thlai rah a lo tam pawh in a zar a ti tliak ngailo thin a ni. A hnuai a mi hi thing train dan tlangpui chu a ni awm e-

Central Leader: He tiang chi ah hi chuan thingkung a chu tan tawi miah lo in a theih chen chen an than tir thin a. A kung a len that a, a than duh viau chuan a zar te erawh an te deuh bik thin a. A zar hnuai lam ten ni eng an hmuh that theih loh avangin a rah a tlem in a quality a tha lo deuh thin.

Open Centre: He tiang chi ah hi chuan a kungpui chu a zikah hlawi chum thin a ni. A kungpui chu kum 2 emaw than tir a nih hnuah an hlawi chum thin a. A zar a len bik bakah a tam duh a. Ni eng leh boruak pawh a chhungril lamin an hmu tha bik thin a ni. Damdawi kah pawh a awlsam bik hle. Apple, plum etc. te hi hetiang pianzia a train thin an ni.

Modified Central leader: A hma a mi Central Leader leh Open Centre lak kawp a ni a. Thingkung chu kum 4 emaw kum 5 chhung a kungpui chu than tir tur a ni a, chu mi hnuah chuan an hlawi chum tawh thin a ni. A kungpui hlawi chum a nih tawh chuan, a zar te an lo thang chak thin a ni. A hma a kan sawi te pahnih that na lai te a nei kim bik hle a ngaih a ni. Kawlthei, Apple leh Theipui te hi hetiang hmang a train thin an ni.

            Thingkung te chu kan duh ang tak a kan train hnuah a hnuai a mi ang te hi ven chhunzawm tur a ni-

Water sprout: Water sprouts te chu thing tang tawi te te, hring deuh hlap, thang chak tak tak te hi an ni a. Heng water sprouts te hi kan paih fai vat loh chuan an thang chak si a, nizung leh boruak thlai in an mamawh te hmu tha thei lovin a siam thin a ni.

Suckers (A zung puak): Sucker kan tih te chu thlai tang, thlai zung lei in a phum loh chin a lo to thin te hi an ni a. Kawlthei, Thei buhfai leh apple ah te a tam bik a. Thlai mamawh chaw tha an ei ve thing avangin  paih fai thin tur ani.

A zar thlak dan tur: Thlai zar kan thlak laiin kan hlawi chhumna hmun chu a kungpui nen a in hnaih thei ang ber a ni thin tur a ni a. A zar lian lo deuh te chu Secateur hmang in keh miah lova cheh chum mai tur a ni. Thing zar thlak nan chem emaw hmanrua hriam tak chauh hman tur a ni a. Kan cheh chhumna chu felfai hmak a ni tur a ni a, pawr neih nuaih leh keh pheng phung a cheh chum miah loh tur a ni. Kan zai hliamna chu Bordeuk mixture emaw Copper oxychloride hnawih thin tur a ni.

PRUNING TIH HUN

            Thingzar thlak emaw hlawi tih nan a hun tha ber chu thlasik lai a thlai hnah a tlak kawlh hnu leh nipui thawk hma, a hnah chawr no hma inkar hi a ni ber a. Thlai hnah a chawr no hnu a Pruning tih hi thlai in a tuar thei hle a, a rah thleng a a that loh phah theih avangin tih loh hram a tha hle a ni. Thlasik lai a thing hnah tlak kawlh lai a Pruning tih hian natna leh rannung te pawhin an ei lo bik thin a ni. Nipui lai a pruning tih hian thlai than a ti muang a, thing sang lutuk, a rah lawh harsa ang ah te hian chin thin a ni bawk a ni. Nipui lai a pruning nasa lo te tih hian thlai rah a ti mawi niin mithiam te chuan an sawi thin ani.