Mau chungchang

Mizoram hi mau ah hian kan hausa em em a, kan ramngaw zawng zawng 30% hi chu mau hmun vek ni a ngaih theih a ni (Anon., 2009). India ram bikah hian Mau hi chi hrang hrang (different species) 150 vel a awm a, chung zing a 58 te chu Hmarchhak (North East India) a awm te an ni hlawm. Mizoram-ah hian mau chi hrang kan nei ngah lutuk lova, chi hrang 21 (Lalnghinglova and Jha, 1997) atang a 26 (Bists, 2010) vel hi Mizoram tual to ni a ngaih theih a ni. He mi Mau (Bamboo) kan tih zingah pawh hian Mautak (Melocanna baccifera Kurz.) hian Mizoram mau zawng zawng 90% lai hi a tling a ni. Mizoram boruak leh leilung hi mau hian a ngeih em em a, mau pawh chi hrang tam tak awm in, a then thlasik a hnah tla kawlh chi leh hna tla lova hring reng chi pawh an awm nual a. Tropical rainforest in a huam chhung a kan awm vang ni in a ngaih theih.

Mau hi 100 – 2000 m inkar vel a hmun sang ah an tha duh a. Mizoram-ah hian Genera 11 vel awm in Mau chi pawh ram pawn atang a lak luh leh tual to belh khawmin 35 vel kan nei mek a ni. Mau hi chi hnih hlawm liam tak tak ah a then phawk theih a – (1) a hung a awm chi / sympodial leh (2) a mal a awm chi / monopodial. Monopodial ang chi ho (Mautak) hian 90% vel lai an awh laiin Sympodial chi (Rua) hian 10% vel chauh a awh thung.

National Bamboo Mission hmalak-na in Mizoram-ah pawh mau chin beihpui thlak thin a ni a. Mau chi thar 6 lai chu ram dang atangin Mizoram-ah lakluh a en chhin an ni hlawm a, chung te chu – Bambusa balcooa, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa arundinacea, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus giganteous leh Phyllostachys bambusa te an ni hlawm. Mizoram chhung a mau hmun in a awh zat chu 6118 Sg. Km lai a tling pha a ni (Anon., 2009). Mizoram a mau chi hrang kan neih pawimawh zual chu a hnuai a mi ang hi a ni –

Sl. No.	Botanical Name	Mizo Name	Status
1	Bambusa tulda	Rawthing	Hmuh tur a tam
2	Dendrocalamus hamiltonii	Phulrua	Hmuh tur a tam
3	Dendrocalamus longispathus	Rawnal	Hmuh tur a tam
4	Melocanna baccifera	Mautak	Hmuh tur a tam hle
5	Schizostachyum fuschianum	Rawngal	Hmun sang-ah hmuh tur a awm
6	Schizostachyum polymorphum	Chal	Hmuh tur a tam
7	Sinarundinaria falcate	Lik	Reiek leh Chalfilh ah an awm.
8	Sinarundinaria longispiculata	Phar	Phawngpui velah hmuh tur a awm.
9	Bambusa vulgaris	Vairua / Vaimau	Hmuh tur a awm
10	Bambusa oliveriana	Talan	Hmuh tur a awm
11	Bambusa nagalandiana	Rawthing tial	A vang hle
12	Chimonobambusa callosa	Phar	Hmuh tur a awm
13	Dendrocalamus sikkimensis	Rawmi	A vang hle, hmun sang-ah hmuh theih.

  

Mau hi a hman na a tam em em a. Pi leh pu atang tawh in Mizo te pawh in tangkai takin kan lo hmang tawh a. Tun thleng hian mau tello a khawsak chu a la harsa fat a ni. Mizoram hi mau-ah hian hausa viau mahila, thiam tak a kan enkawl loh chuan a rem mai ang tih pawh a hlauhawm chho tan tawh a ni. Mau hi khawvel a thlai thangchak ber a nih avang hian rem thei lo ang mai a ngaihna a awm niin a hriat. Tun dinhmun a hnam dangin kan mau an lak dan leh an duh duh dan a an han sat tawp tawp mai hian kan mau din hmun hi a ti der thawng hle a. Duh tawk a mau an lak tawhna hmun ah chuan mau a rem duak duak mai thin hi a pawi hle a, kan than harh vat a ngai a ni. Mau hi awmze nei tak a lak a nih chuan a rem mai mai lova, tangkai tak a hmang chung si in kumkhaw daih mau hmun neih dan a awm chu. Chutiang mau hmun nei tur chuan a hnuai a Felling Rules hi uluk tak a zir chian a kan zawm a ngai a ni.

Bamboo Felling Rules: Mau leh rua te duh dan ang ang leh a rem chan ang ang a sah emaw lak a nih hian reilote chhungin a rem mai theih avangin mau leh rua sah dan mumal leh tha zawk, a rem mai lohna tura sah dan chu Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture  (CRIDA), Hyderabad chuan a duang chhuak a, chu chu Bamboo Felling Rules kan tih hi a lo ni ta a ni. Hei hi mithiam te’n uluk taka zir chiang chunga an duan a nih avangin zawm hram hram tum tur a nia. Chutiang a kan ti a nih loh chuan kan Mau/Raw neihsa te hi reilo teah lak tur awm lovin a chereu mai dawn a ni. Bamboo Felling Rules chu i han bih chiang teh ang:  

v  Fur lai/ ruahtui tlak tam lai tak hi mau/rua te inthlahpun hunlai a nih avangin hetiang hunlai, a bikin 1^st July – 30^th September inkarah sah hauh loh tur a ni a, September thla chhung bik hian a kung no tak tak te leh a zung (rhizomes) insiam thar hunlai niin kan ran vulh te pawhin an lo ei/peh tur ven tlat a tha hle.

v  Mau/Raw hungah chuan a kung puitling, kum 1 tling tawh kung riat (8) tal a awm tawh a nih loh chuan hung puitling a ngaih theih a la ni lova, chuvang chuan la sah rih loh tur a ni.

v  Mau/Raw hung puitling tawhah pawh heng a hnuai a mite ang hi sah miah loh tur a ni bawk:

§  Mau/Raw kung kum khat la tling lo te sah rih loh tur.

§  Mau/Rua puitling tawh chu kung riat tal zuah tel tur a ni.

§  A dang zawng chu him taka sah theih tawh a ngaih a ni.

v  Mau/Rua kan sah dawnin a hung chhung a upa ber emaw, tlem a hrisel lo hmel kai deuh, kum khat her chhauh zawh pui tawh loh tura ngaih chin chu sak hmasak ber thin tur a ni a, Mau/Raw kung naupang deuh, kum 1 emaw kum 2 la tling lo, rei tak la awm theih tura ngaih chu zuah emaw, sah mai loh tur a ni. Kan Mau/raw hung chhung chu uluk taka en a, mau/raw kung thar a to/insiam lo a nih phei chuan a kung upa tawh pawh sat mai lovin, za zel a sawmnga (50%) tal zuah tur a ni a, hetiang a tih loh chuan a hung a chereu mai dawn a ni.

v  Mau/Raw kung kan sahna hmanrua reng reng chu a hriam tha tur a nia, fik deuh hmak hmak thei tur a sah hriam a fin thlak. Hmamraw bil tak nen a ther fer fur a sah loh tur a ni. Mau/Raw kung chu lei atanga Ft. 1 emaw Ft.2 vela sangah satin, a chang chung chiahah kan sat ang, kan sahna hnu, a kung kawrawng chhungah tui a tling thei tur a ni lo.

v  Mau/Raw hung chu a kung upa tamna lam atang a sah tan tur a ni a, kung naupang tak tak insiam tamna lai hi a zung (rhizomes) nun thatna lai leh a kung thar insiam chakna lai ber a nih avangin sat lova zuah tur a ni.

v  Mau/Raw par lai a nih chuan a chi insiam zawh hnuah chauh sah thin tur a ni.

v  Mau/Raw kung thi emaw, a kung keh emaw, pianze pangai lo inherh nasa leh kual deuh teng tung te chu zuah hauh lova sah hmiah hmiah mai tur a ni.

v  Mau/Raw hung chu a tawt lutuk ve thei a, chutiang a nih chuan a hung chhunga kung thar chhuah thei lo tur te, hrisel lo leh lian thei lo tur te, a kung pianze dik lo deuh te chu paih thawl zung zung tur a ni a. A hung chhungah chuan Mau/Raw hrisel leh lian tha kan neih theihna turin thlifim, boruak thianghlim leh nieng te engtik lai pawhin a lut tlang thei tur a ni.

v  Mau/Raw sah hnuah kangmei laka a him zawk nan a hmun vel leh a hnahro, kangmei ti chhuak awlsam thei te then fai thin tur a ni.

v  Ahnuai a mite hi khap tlat tur a ni:

•          A zung chawh emaw laihchhuah.
•          A kung no lai chauh ranchaw a lak.
•          A kung no tak tak hnang emaw thil tawnna atan a lak.

v  Thlai zam chi, mau emaw raw kung bawh buai thei tu chu sah fai zung zung thin tur a ni.

Mau tam lam hi a hun la hla viau mahse hriatna ti zau ah tlem te han thai lang ila. Mau tam hi eng vang a thleng nge tih chiah hi hriat fiah a la ni lova, thil hrang hrang vang a thleng thei ni a ngaih a ni. Mau tam leh sazu puang hi thil inzawm tlat ni a ngaih a ni a, hmun tam tak ah chuan tam pawh a thlen phah hial thin a ni. Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre (MIRSAC) in an chhinchhiah dan chuan kum 2006 khan 331.43 million lai a tam mau par avangin mau kan chan a, 2007 ah phei chuan mau par a lo tam chhoh zel avang in 3324.63 million lai kan chan a ni. Aizawl leh Mamit District-ah te mau kan chan hnem ber a. Thingtlang lo neih dan avangin tam tak kan chan bawk a ni.

             

Mau hi a hmanna a tam em em a, Mizo te pawhin tangkai takin hmang thin mahila kan hman dan hi chu hralh chhuah atan chuan a la bei tham hle a. Kan thiamna in a la tlin loh tam tak pawh a awm bawk ang. Mizo te’n kan hman dan tlangpui chu mitin in ka hre theuh a, sawi thui lo mai ila. Ram changkang zawkin mau an hman tangkai dan hi hmasawn zel beisei in i han ziak thung teh ang.

1.      Bamboo Furniture: Mau hmang a thut thleng kan siam ang chi ni lo khan ram changkang-ah chuan an siam thin a. A charna (glue) te a char-in uluk takin an laminate leh vek a. A hlawm te te a then hran theih a an siam thin avang in motor-a phurh vel pawh a awl sam hle a. A man pawh a lo tlawm deuh zawk thin.

2.      Mau atang a siam Paper leh Pulp: China leh India hmun tam tak-ah chuan mau hi Paper / Lehkhapuan siam nan an hmang thin . Mau atang a siam lehkha puan te hi an tlo em em a, that loh bikna eng mah a nei lo.Mau a fibre te hi a sei zawk leh a tlo zawk avangin thing dang atang a siam lehkha ai chuan a tha daih zawk a ni.

3.      Mau meihawl: Mau atang siam meihawl hi thing pangai leh lungalh thei aiah hmun tam tak a hman a ni a. Activated Charcoal an tih phei chu thil a hip duh em avangin boruak tih thianghlim nan te pawh in an hmang a, damdawi-ah te pawh an hmang. Mai atang meihawl siam hian a let ruk lai in thil a hip chak avangin a tangkai hle a ni.

4.      Bamboo Gasifier electric eng pe chhuak thei: Mau hmang gasifier hi electric siam nan a tha em em a. A alh a thianghlim bik avangin boruak tha lo a hlauhawm loh zawk a. Petrol leh diesel to tak tak a lei ai chuan a man a tlawm in hmuh mai pawh a awl sam zawk em em a ni.

5.      Mau atang a siam thawmhnaw: Tunhnai a thiamna thar zingah chuan a pawimawh em em a. La par (Cotton) ang deuh hian mai ah hian la zai (Fabrics) a awm ve a. Hetiang la zai hi mau atang hian an la chhuak a, an hlum ve a, thawmhnaw siam nan an hmang nasa hle tawh a ni. Mau la zai-ah hian la par pangai aiin a let thum zet a kua a tam zawk a vangin tui a hip hnem thei bik a, chuvang chuan mau atang a siam ngat thawmhna te chu an tha bik em em mai.

A chung a kan sawi bakah khian a dang pawh hmanna a la tam em em a. Mau tuai hi ei mi tak a nih avangin mi tam takin tui ti tak in kan ei a. Damdawi a hman atan pawh chin thin a ni. Mau chi 200 zet mai hi ei tlak a ni a. Cement concrete a in sa te pawhin mau hi an hmang nasa hle a. A zan avangin laksawn leh put kual zung zung a awlsam em em a, rit lak a dawl em em bawk si avangin a tangkai em em a ni. Mau hman dan hun tlangpui hi a hnuai a mi ang hian i han tanglang zul zul teh ang –

·         Mau ni 30 ai a naupang                       -               Mau tuai atan a ei mi hle

·         Thla 6 – 9 inkar                                   -                hnang tah nan a tha

·         Kum 2 - 3 inkar                                   -         Furniture leh thutthleng ilo atan

·         Kum 3 – 6 inkar                                  -                Insak nan

Awle, a tawp ber atan chuan hei min sawmna hnial zo loin ka thiam phak ang tawk tawk in ka han ziak ve a ni a. A phuisui lo viau pawh a ni thei a, min hriatthiamna ka han ngen nghal e. Mau leh rua te hi Mizoram hausakna thuruk pakhat tur niin kei chuan ka ngai a. China leh ram dang ah te chuan an hlawkpui em em tawh a. A tangkaiin hmanna a tam si a, Mizo te pawhin engtik-ah emaw chuan ka la dinchhuah pui ve ngei beisei ila. Chutih rual in hnamdang in Mizoram mau te dimna leh uina nei hlek lo mai a an han sat tak tak han hmuh hi chuan rilru a na a. An sah tawhna lah chu a rem duak duak a, engmah zuah lovin huam hap tak mai a an lak thin avangin Mizo te kan than harh hma in hnamdang hian min tih chereu sak nual hman dawn tih chu a hriat a, mau zawng zawng a che reu hma ngei a kan harh chhuah erawh a va pawimawh dawn em!

Thulaknate:  

Anonymous (2009), Study of bamboo flowering in Mizoram using Remote Sensing & GIS. Publ. by  Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre, Aizawl. 

Lalnunmawia, F. Bamboo resource and its management in Mizoram. pp 1 - 6 

Lalnunmawia, F. and Lalramnghinglova, H. (2010). Ecosystem level changes following gregarious flowering of Melocanna baccifera in Mizoram. Final Tech. Report submitted to Ministry of Env. & Forests, Govt. of India

Sarma, H. et al. A case of gregarious flowering in bamboo, dominated lowland forest of Assam, India: phenology, regeneration, impact on rural economy, and conservation.

Kalaghatgi, R. Bamboo – Conservation, Cultivation and Utilization

Anonymous (2001). Cane and Bamboo News, Quality bulletin of CBTC, Vol.1. No. 4

Ganapathy, P.M., (1997). Sources of non-wood fibre for paper, boards and panels production: Status, trends and prospect in India

Khan, .U. and Hazra, A. Industrialization of the Bamboo Sector: Challenges and opportunities.