SER CHIN DAN LEH BORUAK MAMAWH TE

Ser reng reng hian a than len nan temperature (khawlum leh vawh lam) mamawh bik a nei a, a thlangpuiin 25℃atang a 30℃ hi a boruak duh tawk chiah a ni a. Ser-te hian khawlum 38 º c chunglam a tuar theih loh bak ah 13ºc hnuailam a tuar thei lo tlangpui bawk a ni. Amaherawh chu ser thenkhat te chuan 50ºc thleng tuar thei an awm bakah 0ºc thleng khawvawt tuar thei pawh an awm tho a ni. Ser rah a hmin tan tirh lai vel a khua a lum lutuk chuan ser rawng a mawi thei lova, a eng hmin ser sawr ang kha awm lovin a hring deuh nghulh thin a ni. Khawlum lutuk vangin ser rah vun a duk thei bawk a ni. Khawvawt tuar theih lamah ser hrang hrang hi an in ang lo nual a. A khawvawt tuar theih loh dan in a hnuai a ser hrang hrang te hi kan rem khawm a nge- citron, lime, lemon, grapefruit, pummel, sweet orange, sour orange, mandarins, kumquats and trifoliate orange. Ti hian trifoliate orange te hi chuan khawvawt an tuar thei hle tih a hriat a, citron erawh chuan khawvawt a tuar thei lo hle thung a ni. Mahse ser eng chi pawh hi -9ºc ai a vawt ah chuan an thi vek mai thin a ni. Boruak hnawn lam (Relative Humidity) hi ser tan a pawimawh hle a, boruak a hnawn vak loh chuan ser rawng a mawi duh hle a, boruak a hnawn viau erawh chuan ser tui a tam duh bakah ser pil pawh a pan duh bik hle a ni. Amaherawh chu boruak hnawng lutuk ah chuan ser te hi rannung leh natna in an bawm duh hle a, ser a tha mawh hle a ni. Ser kung leh a zar te hian thli na lutuk a ngam lo em em a, a tul chuan thli danna siam a tha hle a ni. Ser hian ni eng a mamawh tam a, daihlim hnuai ah chuan ser rah a hlawk lo hle thin a ni. Ser te hi tui finriat hniam atang a 2000 meters thleng a sang hmunah chuan a chin theih vek a ni.

Ser te hi lei chi hrang hrang ah an chin theih deuh vek a, lei hraw deuh atang a lei ban deuh thlengin hlawh tling takin a chin theih a ni, Mahse tui a tling thei tur a ni lo. Lei a al tur a ni lo bawk. Lei al leh thur lam a a duh tawk chu pH 5 – 6 thleng hi a ni.

SER CHIN DAN TLANGPUI:

Ser huan hectare 1 ah hian ser kung 200 – 400 thleng an phun tlangpui thin a, amaherawh chu tunlai ah chuan hectare 1 ah kung 1111 lai an ching thei thin a ni. Lime leh lemon tan spacing (ser kung leh ser kung inkar) 4 x 4m an hmang a, Serthlum ah 5 x 5m, Sisu ah 6 x 6m, Ser tawkah 7 x 7m te an hmang tlangpui thin a ni.

Khur 50cm x 50cm a lian laih tur a ni a, bawng ek leitha pawlh bawk tur a ni ang.

Ser phun hun atan a tha ber chu fur ruah tui tlak tan tirh hi a ni.

Alu, Tomato, Bawkbawn leh Anhling ei hnem lutuk hi a lo tha ber lem lo

Nightshade family (Solanaceae) ho hi en hnem lutuk a lo tha vak a ni awm e. An hmuh chhuahna chu rei deuh tawh mahse kan la hre tlang hlawm lo mai thei. Kei pawh ka hriatna a la rei vak bik miah lo. Heng thlai ho ah hian glycoalkaloids chi khat solanine a awm tel vek a (Solanin nen hriat pawlh awih loh), kan hriat theuh angin alkaloids ho hi tlai ekchhia (excretion) chi khat ve an nia, mihring chuan excretory organ kan neih ang hi an nei ve si lova, thlaite taksa ah insem kualin thlaiin mahni inven nan {rannung (insects) leh ramsa (pests)} te’n an tih chhiat a an ei mai bik loh nan alkaloids te hi an pe chhuak ve reng a, alkaloids hi ‘TUR’ hlauhawm tak a ni ve bawk a ni. Chutiang Alkaloids (glycoalkaloids) chu Solanine hi a ni. He tiang Solanine paithlai kan ei tlang lawn em em – Alu (Solanum tuberosum), Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Bawkbawn (Solanum melongena) leh Anhling (Solanum nigrum) te hi ei tam lutuk chuan taksaah tur a nih miau avangin chhiatna a thlen ve thin a ni. Mihring pangaiah 25mg ai a tam solanine hi kan ei chuan “Nausea” natna a tlen thei a, 400 mg chin chunglam kan thil ei a Solanine a lo awm phei chuan mipangai tan thihpui tham a ni.

Solanine pai tam ei avang a natna thleng thei te chu - nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, burning of the throat, cardiac dysrhythmia, headache and dizziness te hi a tlang lawn an ni awm e.

Solanine hi mihring tan a hlauhawmna ber a mithiam te’n an hmuh chu Solanine hian Mitochondria tuam tu kawr (membrane) hnathawh ti buai in Calcium cation tam tak Cytoplasm ah a thawn chhuak thin a, chung Calcium cation te chuan cell a tih chhiat mai bakah cell a that (apoptosis) thin bawk a ni.

Alu (potato) hi a khak chuan Solanine hi a tam tihna a ni a, ei tam vak a him lo. Tin, Solanine hi rannung thahna hlo leh natna, fungus bik thahna hlo siamna atan hmanrua ah hman thin a ni bawk awm e. Solanine hi 175 Degree Centigrate chung lam a fry hian a tlem phah ve thin bawk a ni awm e.

Atawpna a tan khing a chung a thlai kan sawi tak te khi vitamin leh taksa mamawh tam tawk tak pai vek chu an ni a, mahse ei luat erawh that lohna chin a awm a nih hmel hle a ni. Lo ngaihtuah ve tawh mai teh :D 

CANCER ZIR CHIANG ANG!!

Cancer hian Mizoram min run nasa em em mai a, cancer vang a thihna a tamin kan la thih belh zel dawn pawh niin a lang. Cancer hi eng natna nge ni a, Cancer hi engvang a hluar em em nge a nih leh eng tia inven tur nge tih leh a enkawl dan I han zir ho dawn teh ang. Cancer chungchang hrethiam zawk tur chuan timur/cells hi enge a nih hriat chian a ngai hma sa a, hriat thiam loh pawhin awlsam tak a mitinin kan hriat theihna turin a awlsam thei ang ber a ziah han tum ila, kan mithiam te leh mi ril zawk te’n min lo hrethiam se, a awlsam thei ang ber a ziak a nih avangin Genetics term hrang hrang te phuai luai deuh a ka lo dah palh a nih pawhin min ngaidam a niang chu.

Cancer hi a nihna takah chuan timur/cell thanlenna leh inthlahpunna lam a dik lo a awm avang a lo awm a ni a, malaria lehna dang te ang lo takin bacteria, fungus etc. avang a lo awm a ni ve lo tihna a ni. Cancer hi inthlah chhawnna atang leh chemical exposure leh radiation exposer (chemical leh eng zung chak tak) avang a lo awm thin a ni. A chang chuan Cancer hi mihring cell/timur lo insiam danglam (mutation) avangin a lo awm ve bawk thin. Hetiang vang a cancer rawn insiam hi chu hriatthiam a harin mithiam-te pawhin hrilhfiah harsa an ti hle a, a chhan leh vang chiang tak a la hriat a ni lo.   

CANCER CHU ENGE?

Cancer hi timur cell inthlahpung chak lutuk leh thunun theih loh khawp a timur inthlah pung vak vak in a siam a ni. Kan timur/cell te hi darkar tin hian felfai tak leh awmze nei thlapin an inthlah pungin an thang lian ve thin a, vun timur (skin cell) te phei hi chu mihring dam chhungin an in thlah pungin an thang lian reng thin, a chhan chu mihring vun hi a hlui chu lo thiin a thar a thlak thleng reng a ngaih vang a ni. Cell/timur thenkhat erawh chu an inthlahpung ve vak lova, thluak (brain) leh hriatna thazam (nervous system) a timur/cell te hi chu mihring kan puitlin tawh chuan an in thlahpung tawh loin thlang lian tur a awm tawh lo thin a ni. A chung a kan sawi tak atang khian timur/cell te hian awm dan phung leh nih dan phung  awmze nei tak an nei tih ka hre mai em. Cancer cell te erawh hi chuan awm dan phung hlauhawm tak leh rapthlak tak an nei thung a ni.

BENIGN & MALIGNANT

Cancer hi chihnih ah an then a, chung te chu Benign Cancer leh Malignant Cancer te an ni. Benign cancer te awmze nei loin an in thlah pung ve vak tho a, mahse mihring taksa ah chhiatna an thlen ve lem lo. Malignant cancer te erawh chu inthlah pung vakin taksa hmun hrang hrang ah bu an khuar a, an bul hnai a taksa peng te an eichhe thin thung!!

Benign cancer te hi an inthlah pung muang zawk a, tumor/bawk mihring taksa ah an siam thin a, hetiang cancer hian mihringah chhiatna thlen lo mahse bawk/tumor lo thang zelin taksa pawimawh lai hnathawh a ti buai ve thei a, thisen zam bul maiah tumor/bawk hi a lo awm a, a than len viau tawh chuan thisen luang a ti buai ve thei a ni. Benign cancer te hi Doctor te thiamna hmangin awlsam takin a zai chhuah mai theih a, a then phei chu zaikher ngai loin a mahin a lo dam ve leh mai thin a ni, hlauhawm a ni hran vak lo. Mahse Benign cancer te hi kan ngaihsak vat loh chuan eng emaw vangin Malignant cancer-ah a chang thei a, chuvangin buaipui vat erawh a fin thlak hle mai.

Doctor-te thu sawi a hlauhawm ber pakhat chu “MALIGNANT” tih hi a ni! He cancer hi a hlauhawm em em ber mai. Chak tak leh awze mumal nei hauh lo in an thang vak a, an bul hnai a mihring taksa khawl pawimawh chu dimna nei miah loin an ei chhe miah miah mai zel a ni. Hei mak bakah hian an thlen chin apiangah bu thar an khuar zel a, cancer te chu mihring taksa hrang hrang ah an lo in zam darh a, cancer avangin taksa hmun dang dangah bawk a lo awm ta thin a ni, hei hi “Metastasis” an ti thin. Ruh, thin, lung leh thuakah an awm duh zual hle. Cancer timur/cell te hi mihring timur pangai nen chuan pian hmang leh hmelah an danglam hle a ni.  Malignant hi mithiam te chuan chi nga (5) ah an then a, chung te chu-

1.       Carcinomas- vun, hriatna thazam (nervous system) leh thawkna dawt cancer te an ni.

2.       Sarcomas- ruh leh tihrawl cancer.

3.       Leukemias- thisen cancer.

4.       Lymphomas- taksa invenna khawlah cancer an thlen.

5.       Myelomas- bone marrow/ thlingah cancer a thlen thin.

Kan taksa a timur cell te hi an awmna tur hmun theuh felfai tak a pin dan sak an ni a, chu tiang pindan sak tu chu “Basal lamina” an ti. Chung basal lamina te chu protein atang a siam niin cell leh cell inkarah pindan ang in a awm thin a ni. Metastatic cell te hian thil chikhat enzymes siam chhuakin chung timur/cell te ping dang tu basal lamina te chu an ei chhia a, cell leh cell te in ti buai lo a tha tak a hnathawk lai chu a ping dang tu basal lamina a ei chhiat avangin cancer chuan buaina a thlen a, chu tiang a ping dang tu a awm tawh loh avang chuan cancer cell te chu thisen ah te lutin hmun hran hran ah kua an hreuh thin a, an ko hreuhna hmun thar ah chuan inthlah pung in taksa hmun hran hran ah an in kulh ta thin a ni.

Basal lamina an tih chhiat avang a thil dang la awm chu cancer/tumor te chuan an mahni pual thisen zam an siam ve thin a, chu mi hming atan chuan “Angiogenesis” an ti bawk. Angiogenesis chu thisen zam thar siam a cancer cell, chaw (nutrients) leh oxygen chu thisen zam a thawn chhuah chu a ni ber mai. Cancer te chuan anmahni siam chhuah growth hormone te pawh cancer a nasat zawk theihnan an siam chhuak ve bawk thin.

ONCOGENES

Sawifiah dan vak ka thiam lo, Genes hi eng tin nge Mizo tawngin kan dah ang? Inthlahchhawn thil a ni a, DNA a mi, Chromosomes a hmun luah tu a ni ti mai ang! Oncogenes chu enge? “ON” tih chu ka hre vek a, current te kan ‘on’ a, computer te kan ‘on’ a, Gas thuk te pawh kan ‘on’ thin, kan hre thiam vek mai em? Chutiang chuan “oncogenes” chuan Genes te a “ON” ve a ni.  Genes pangai tak te pawh eng emaw vangin in siam dang lamin (mutation) Oncogenes ah an lo chang thin a ni. Oncogenes te chian chin tawk awm hauh loin timur/cell-te an “ON” a, an in thlah pung ta vak vak mai a ni. Oncogenes te hi cancer ah an inhnam hnawih ve a ni tih hi 1910 ah khan hriat chhuah a ni tawh! Mihring hrisel pangai hian a tlangpuiin a tlem berah proto-oncogenes hi 70 vel kan DNA ah kan nei theuh. Heng proto-oncogenes te hian mihring ah hna pawimawh tak an thawk theuh a, mihring tan an tang kai hle a, mahse mutation avangin “oncogenes” ah an lo chang thei a ni, oncogenes an nih tawh chuan mihring tan a tangkai tak thin kha mihring chhiatna thlentu Cancer siam tu an lo ni ta thin a ni. Oncogenes te hi CANCER siamtu lianber pakhat a ni tih ka hre ta awm e.

CANCER CHI HRANG TE

Hei mi hi sawi zau a chak awm, mahse ka peih tawh rih lo. A tul leh ni dangah

1.       Hereditary cancers- Heng cancer te hi inthlahchhawn atang a lo awm te an ni. Prostrate cancer, Hnute/ Breast cancer, Colon/ril cancer.

2.       Preventable/Inven theih Cancer-

a.       Lung cancer-  Lung cancer vei za a sawm khua (90%) te hi zialzu thin an ni.

b.      Mouth/Ka cancer- Sahdah/ khaini leh vaihlo hmuam thin te’n an vei nasa hle.

c.       Skin/ Vun Cancer- UV radiation avangin kan vei ber thin.

Cancer laka min veng thei thlai te

Thlai hrang hrang hian cancer lakah min veng thei a. Chung zing a tlem chu han thai lang mai mai teh ang. Hman a ka ziah kur ve nguai tawh ang khan Cancer hi Genetic Disorder (mutation) a nih avang hian damdawi han ei mai tur a la awm lo ang tluk a ni a. Inven hi kan tih theih chu a ni mai. Chung lak a min veng thei thlai-te hi an tangkaiin damdawi dang dam ngei ngei na a la awm miau loh avangin thlai hmang a in ven hi kan tih theih awm chhun pakhat chu a ni rih mai. Tin, tuna cancer damdawi tlemte zing a mi te pawh hi thlai atang a siam tho a ni. Han thai lang mai mai ila, Mizo in 'kumtluang par' kan tih mai Catharanthus roseus a active ingredient 'Vinblastin" leh 'Vincristine' atang hian Cancer damdawi "Oncoin" te siam chhuak in chu chu leukemia  leh Hodgkin's lymphoma damdawi tha tak a ni mek a ni. Ka ziah tur hi awih lo deuh in awm a nih pekin a active ingredient ziah tel zel kan tum a nga, chu mi hmang chuan research emaw in chhiar zau nan pawh a tha turah ngai ang.

1. Hmarcha a Active Ingredient (a.i) Capsicin awm hian antigenotoxic leh anti-carcinogenic te a pai a ni.

2. Hmarcha a Carotenoids chi khat capsanthin leh beta carotene hi antioxidant tha tak niin cancer leh vun chuar hma lakah min veng.

3. Hmarcha a flavanoides chi- quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin leh luteolin te hian cancer lakah min veng thei.

4. Sweet pepper a Vit. A leh Vit. C te hi antioxidant ang a awm in cancer lakah min veng thei.

5. Sweet pepper a  flavanoides chi- quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin leh luteolin te hian cancer lakah min veng thei.

6. Parbawr ah hian glucosinolates (40-80mg/100g) awm in sinigrin leh glucobrassicin hian cancer lakah min veng thei.

7. Parbawr a glucosinolates hi tui nen a in chhawhpawlh hian isothiocyanates siam in cancer lakah min veng thei.

8. Parbawr hian S-methylcysteine sulfoxide (14mg/100g fresh) a pai avangin cancer lakah min veng thei.

9. Zikhlum a glucosinolates (40-80mg/100g) awm in sinigrin leh glucobrassicin hian cancer lakah min veng thei.

10. Zikhlum a glucosinolates hi tui nen a in chhawhpawlh hian isothiocyanates siam in cancer lakah min veng thei.

11. Zikhlum hian S-methylcysteine sulfoxide (14mg/100g fresh) a pai avangin cancer lakah min veng thei.

12. Zikhlum hian indole-3 carbinol a pai avangin Ril Cancer lakah min veng thei.

13. Zikhlum hian Vit. C, fibre leh calcium a pai hnem avangin Rilpui cancer lakah min veng thei.

14. Purun sen rim petu organosulphur hian cancer lakah min veng thei.

15. Purun var rim petu organosulphur hian cancer lakah min veng thei.

16. Bawrhsaiabe (Ladiesfinger) hian cellulose, non-starch polysaccharides leh lignin a pai avangin cancer lakah min veng thei.

(Note: Properties in ang nei an awm nual nachhan hu Family khat a mi an nih vang a ni. )