International Year of Millets (IYoM) - 2023 Pual In

1.   

1.      Millet chinna hmuh chhuah hmasa ber chu 3000 BC ah, Indus Valley Civilization-ah a ni.

2.      Hma sang atang a chin tawh a ni a, th;ai chin hma sak ber pawl a ni.

3.      Ram 131 ah chin mek a ni a. Africa leh Asia ah chuan chaw pui ber a hmang mi 59 crore an awm mek a ni.

 

Ø  Millets te chi fang te tak te te nei, kum khat thlai niin thlai dang chin harsatna hmun – khaw vawt leh khaw lum ah te chin thin an ni.

 

v                      India rama Millet ching nasa zual state te chu

 

1.      Rajasthan         -           Bajra/Sorghum

2.      Karnataka        -           Jawar/Ragi

3.      Maharastra       -           Jowar/Ragi

4.      Uttar Pradesh  -           Bajra

5.      Haryana           -           Bajra

 

International Year of Millets (IYoM) – 2023

 

v    India sawrkar chuan United Nations hnen-ah kum 2023 chu Millet Kum (IYoM) atan puang turin a thlen a, India rawtna thlen chu ram 72 in an thlawp bawk a. United Nation’s General Assembly (UNGA) chuan 5^th March, 2021 khan Kum 2023 chu Millets Kum atan a lo puang ta a ni.

v       India sawrkar chuan IYoM chu nasa tak a lawm a, tui tak a siam dan te, a hlutna tih pun dan te chu ram hrang hrang ah vawrh darh a tum ta a ni.

SEVEN SUTRAs: THEMES

 

v  Thar tam leh a chin pun lam                                       :                                   DA&FW & DARE

v  A thatna leh Hriselna lam                                           :                                   Health / FSSAI

v  A hlutna tih pun, Processing                                       :                                   MoFPI & Tourism

v  Entrepreneurship / Startup                                          :                                   Commerce & DA&FW

v  Awareness Creation                                                    :                                   All

v  International Outreach                                                :                                   Commerce & MEA

v  Policy Intervention                                                     :                                   Dept. of Food & DA&FW

INDIA SAWRKAR IN MILLETS A A HMALAKNA HRANG HRANG TE

v  Hotel hrang hrang-ah Millet siam dan chi hrang hrang te pho chhuah a mipui ei theih tur a dah chhuah.

v  Sikulah Mid Day Meal (Chaw Chhun) atan hman.

v  Anganwadi Centre hrang hrang atangin Millet te hi sem chhuah tum a ni.

v  Khawvel hmun hrang hrang a Indai Embassy-ah te Millet Food Festival siam a tum.

v  Milar leh Mi pawimawh te hman tangkai a tum.

v  Railway/Airline hrang hrang ah Millet chaw siam.

v  Millets hmang a Cookbook siam chhhuah.

v  Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav zing a telh.

v  Zirlai leh Thalai te tan Millet tih lar nan Cycle inkhalh siak leh Intlan siak te buatsaih.

v  Hmun hrang hrang ah Food Festival siam.

v  Eiin Insiam siak leh Workshop neih.

v  ICDS hmang tangkai a Millet sem chhuah.

 

Millets hrang hrang te bih chiang thuak thuak ang.

1.      Sorghum

Sorghum bicolor

Graminieae

East Central Africa: Ethiopia or Sudan

Sorghum hi khawvel a chaw a kan rin pui ber thlai pali zinga pakhat a ni a. Mipui maktaduai tam tak Asia leh Africa a mite chuan chaw pui ber atan an hmang mek a ni. Chu mai bakah ran chaw atan hman a ni nasa em em a, India ramah chuan kan thlai (chaw atana rin chi) thar tam ber pathumna a ni mek a. Mihring tan mai bakah ran chaw atan a pawimawh em em a ni. Sorghum pawimawhna leh thatna em em chu tui tel mang lohin tha takin a chin theih a ni. Khaw ro deuh leh ruah tui tlak tam lohna hmunah chuan Jowar hi thlai lar tak a ni a. Jowar hi buh ang a den a, chhum a, buh ang a ei ve theih mai a ni a, chutiang loh pawhin den sawm a, Chapati ang a ei ve mai theih a ni. Jowar hian 10-12% Protein a pai a, 3% fat, 70% Carbohydrate a pai bawk a. Chuvangin thlai dang ang bawk a tangkai tak a hnam theih a ni.

Climatic Requirements

Jowar hi hmun lum a chin chi thlai a ni a, Sea Level atang a 1500 metres thleng a sang a chin theih a. Jowar ai a khaw lum ngam thlai hi an awm lo ti ila kan sawi sual tam lo viau ang. Tui awm lohna hmunah pawh hlawh thling takin a chin theih a, a chhan chu tui awm loh chhung chu a thang lo mai a, tui awm vel ah rang takin a thang ta thin a ni. Buh tih loh ah chuan Cereals zingah tui tling haw lo ber thlai a ni bawk a ni.

Soils

Lei chi hrang hrang ah a chin theih a. Loam emaw clay loam, tui fawm tam thei deuh lei chu a chinna hmun tha ber a ni a. pH 6 – 8.5 ah a chin theih a, saline leh alkaline te a haw lutuk lova, Black Cotton Soil, Central India – hi Jowar chinna hmun tha ber pawl a ngaih a ni.

 

2.      Pearl Millet (Bajra)

Pennisetum typhoides L.

Gramineae

Africa

Bajra hi khawvel ah pawh an ching nasa viau a, mirethei chaw ‘Poor Man’s Food’ tih thin a ni. Hmanlai hun atang tawhin Africa leh Asia ah chin thin a lo ni tawh a. Africa lei thawlna hmunah chuan Jowar aiin chin atan an duh zawk a ni. Asia ah chuan India, Pakistan, China leh South Eastern Asia ah te chin a ni a. India ramah chuan thlai dang an that hleih theih lohna hmunah te chin nasat a ni a. Mi rethei te tan chaw hniang hnar a pek theih bakah hmun ro leh tui tlemna ah chin thin a ni a, Cereals zingah chuan ruah tui tlem ngam ber leh khaw ro ngam ber a ni hial a ni. Bajra hi a hrisel lamah chuan Jowar aiin a hrisel zawk a, mahse ran chaw atan a hmanah chuan Jowar a tha zawk a ngaih a ni. Bajra hian 12.5% moisture, 11.6% protein, 5% fat, 67% carbohydrated leh 2.7% minerals a pai a.

 

Climatic Requirements

Bajra hi thlai to rang tak leh thang chak tak, khaw lum a chin chi thlai a ni a, ruah tui tlak tlemna ah an ching nasa thin. Khaw ro leh khaw lum a ter thei em em mai a. A kung thanlai erawh chuan ruah tui awm thei sela duhthusam a ni a. A par lai a ruah a tlak erawh chuan a chhiar pui thin a ni. Ruah tui tlem a tlak a, nisa a hmuh that hian a thang tha duh em em a. Jowar chin theih lohna hmun- khaw lum lutuk leh khaw ro lutuk ah te chin thin a ni.

Soil

Lei chi hrang hrangah a chin theih a, mahse tui tlin theihna hmunah chuan a chin theih loh. Tlem a lei thawlna hmun a chin tur a ni a, lei thurna hmun ah chuan a chin theih loh bawk a ni.

 

3.      Barley

Hordeum vulgare L.

Gramineae

Abyssinia

Barley hi thlai pawimawh tak mai a ni a. Khawvel hmun tinah chin a ni a Tropical Area tih lohah chuan. Barley hi khawvel hmun vawt lam a cheng te chuan chaw atan an hmang nasa em em mai a, wheat leh cereal dang chin theih lohna hmunah. Chaw pui ber atan heng Tibet, Nepal leh Bhutan ah te hian an hmang mek a. Erurope lamah chuan USSR, China, France, Canada, USA leh Spain ah te hian an ching nasa viau. India ramah pawh hmun pawimawh tak a chang a, 0.7 million hectare-ah chin mek a ni a, himalayan region-ah te, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan leh Bihar ah te chin a ni.

Indai ramah chuan Barley hi ran chaw atan kan hmang deuh ber thin a. Chu mai bakah Beer siam nan te, Whisky leh Brandy siam nan te’n an hmang nasa viau bawk. Barley rawt sawm hi chapati siam nan an hmang thin a. Barley hian 12.5% Moisture, 11.5% albuminiods, 74% carbohydrates, 1.3% fats, 3.9% fibre leh 1.5% ash te a pai a ni.

Climatic Requirements

Bayley hian a than tirhin boruak vawt a mamawh thin a, a lo puitlin hnuah erawh khaw lum lam leh ro lam a mamawh thin a ni. Khaw vawt hum a chin chi thlai a ni a. Wheat aiin tui a mamawh tlem a, khaw ro leh tui tlemna hmunah a chin theih a ni. India ramah chuan hmun hniam lam leh Himalayan hmun sang lamah te chin thin a ni a, 4000 meters thleng a chin theih ani. Wheat chin theih lohna hmunah chin a ni ber thin.

Soils

Barley chu lei ro tha, lei tha hmun leh thuk takah a tha duh bik a, lei al a tuar thei hle. Lei alna hmunah pawh tha takin a chin theih thin a. Lei alna hmunah chuan wheat lkeh cereals dang te aiin a than a that bakah a thar pawh a hlawk zawk a ni.

 

4.      Finger Millet (Mandua)

Eleusine coracana Gaertn

Gramineae

India

Ragi hi India a millet chin nasat lutuk loh zingah chuan a pawimawh viau a. India tlangramah te chuan chaw pui ber a hmang an tam tam a. Meter 2100 ai a sangah he thlai hi an ching nasa em em a. Tlangram tam takah chuan ruahsur hunlai a chaw pui ber atan a hman a ni thin a ni. Mihring ei atan leh ran ei atan an hmang ber thin. India hmar lamah chuan chapati angin an ei nasa ber a, India chhim lamah erawh chuan cake, pudding leh sweet siam nan an hmang thin thung a ni. Thlai tiak hlim hi nausen chaw atan te pawh hman thin a ni a. Nu naupai mek tan pawh chaw tha tak a ni. Puitling pangai tan pawh chaw tha tak a ni tel bawk a ni. Rai hian 9.2% Protein, 1.29 % fat, 76.32% carbohydrates, 2.24% minerals, 3.9% ash leh 0.33% calcium te a pai bawk a ni. Vitamin A & B te pawh tlem a zawng a pai bawk a. Zunthlum nei tan chaw tha tak a ni a. A kung hring te chu ran chaw atan a tha hle thin.

 

Climatic Requirements

Hmun lum lam a chin chi niin tropical leh sub tropical hmun ah te an ching ber thin. Thlai thi har tak a ni a, ruah tui tlak tlemna hmun a chin chi tak thlai a ni.

Soil

Lei chi hrang hrang ah a chin theih a, lei tha vak lo hmun atanga lei tha hmun thlengin tha takin a thar thei a ni. Lei thawl hmun a chin chi tak thlai niin lei ban lutuk hmunah chuan a thar tha thei lo thin a ni.

5.      Proso Millet (Cheena)

Panicum miliaceum L.

Gamineae

India

Cheena hi millet chin nasat loh zingah chuan pawimawh ve tak a ni a, khaw ro lutuk chu rang tak a than sanin a puitlin san thei a ni. Ni 60 – 90 lekah a puitling hman thin a. Tui awm that lohna hmunah pawh a chin theih a ni. Tui tha tak a pek phei chuan a thar a tam zual hle thei a, catch crop atan te pawh hman thin a ni. Protein a pai hnem a, 12.5%, Lycine a pai a, amino acid chi khat niin cereal dang ang lo takin Cheena hian hei hi a pai bik a ni. Lycine hi 4.6% thleng a sang a pai thin a, 1.1% fat, 68.9 carbohydrates, 2.2% crude fibre leh 3.4% ash a pai bawk a ni. Buh te anfin a chhum tawp theih bakah Chapati siam nan pawh a hman theih a ni. Ar chaw atan a tha hle a, a kuang te hi ran chaw atan a tha viau bawk.

 

Climatic Requirements

Khaw lum a chin chi thlai a ni a, Khawvel ram hrang hrang ram lum lamah an ching thin a ni. Tui tlemna hmun ah a chin theih viau a, ruah tui tlak tlemna hmun a chin mi tak a ni. Tui tlng eng emaw chen a tuar thei a. Thlai hun duh rei lo tak niin rei lo te chhungin a thar mai theih thin a ni.

Soil

Lei tha hmun leh lei tha vak lo hmunah pawh a chin theih a, lei thawl lam atanga lei ban hmun thlengin a chin theih a ni.

 

6.     Barnyard Millet (Sawan)

Echinochloa frumentacea

Gramineae

India

Sawan hi tui tam lohna hmun a chin chi tak a nih rualin tui tling pawh a haw lo viau thung. Ruah tui ring in an ching ber thin a, buh ang chiah a ei ve thin a ni. Rice Pudding siamna atan te pawh an hmang thin a, 6.2 % Protein, 9.8 crude fibre, 65.5% carbohydrates leh 4.4% ash te a pai a ni. Mi rethei zawk te’n an ei ber thin a, Beer siamna atan te pawh an hmang bawk thin a ni. Ar chaw atan a tha hle a, a kuang hi ran chaw atan a tha em em bawk a ni, a hrin lai phei chuan ran chaw atan a tha zual hle.

Climatic Requirements

Khaw ro a tawrh theih em avangin ruahtui chauh ringin an ching ber thin a, tui tlinna hmun, thlai dang chin theih lohna-ah pawh an ching bawk thin a ni. 2000 meters thleng a sangah a chin theih a. Khawlum lai leh boruak hnawng a ngeih hle bawk a ni.

Soil

Lei tha vak lo hmunah an ching ber thin a, lui bul, tui tlinna hmun leh thlai dang chin theih lohna hmunah pawh an ching nasa hle. A that duhna hmun ber erawh chu lei thawl lam, tui fawm hnem vak loah a tha ber thin a. Lung tamna hmunah erawh a tha thei lo thin a ni.

 

7.      Kodo

Paspalum scrobiculatum L.

Gramineae

Southeast Asia

Kodo hian khaw ro a tuar thei hle a. A fang hi a lian em em mai a, a fang tuam tu seed coat te hi chhum a ei hmain paih fai vek a ngai thin. A rah puitling lo leh hmuar kai chu tur ang deuh a ni thei a. Zun thlum nei tan buh fai ai a ei atan an chawh tlangpui thin a ni. 8.3% protein, 1.4% fat, 65.6% carbohydrates leh 2.9% ash te a pai a. A kuang hi ran chaw atan a tha meuh lo a, sawkar tan phei chuan tur a ni thei a ni.

Climatic Requirements

Hmun lum ah chuan rang takin a thang zung zung thei a, khaw ro a tawrh theih em avangin ruah tui tlak tlemna hmun a chin mi tak a ni.

Soil

Lung hmun leh lei tha lo hmunah pawh a chin theih vek a. Lei chhe hmunah pawh mak tak maiin tha takin a thar thei thin a ni. Lei thawl hmun leh lei tha hmunah phei chuan a thar a tha thei hle a. Lei a tui a tling thei tur a ni lo.

 

8.      Kakun (Foxtail Millet)

Setaria italica L.

Gramineae

China

Kakun hi Italian Millet emaw German Millet ti a koh a ni bawk thin. India ah chuan van ruah tui tla hmang a chin thin a ni a. A fang te hi buh ang a chhum a ei mai thin a ni ber. A fang rawt dip hi Capati siam nan pawh an hmang bawk thin. 12.3% Protein, 4.7% fat, 60.6% carbohydrates, 3.2% ash te a pai a ni. Ar tan chaw tha tak a ni bawk a. A kuang te hi ran chaw atan a tha hle bawk. Sakawr tan a tha lo. China ah chuan buh leh wheat tih lohah chuan Kakun hi an ei nasat ber pawl a ni.

 

Climatic Requirements

Kakun hi ram lum leh ram vawt lamah pawh an ching thin a. Meter 2000 thleng a sangah a chin theih a ni. A to hun chhung zawng hian khaw lum lutuk lo leh khaw vawt lutuk lo a mamawh thin a, ruah tui tlak tlemna hmunah pawh a thar tha thei viau a ni.

Soil

Lei tha hmunah chuan a thar a hlawk thei hle a, lei chhe hmunah pawh a chin theih tho a ni.

 

Millets Taksa tan a Thatna te

 

1. Wheat leh Rice kan ei tam a, millets kan ei tlem avangin nu leh naupang ah Vitamin A, Protein, Iron leh Iodine tlak chhamna a thleng thei.

2. Millets hi pum tan pai a nuam a, gluten a pai tlem a, acid a pai tlem bakah taksa tan a chaw tha a pai hnem viau.

3. Kan taksain a mamawh Iron, Zinc, Phosphorus, Magnesium leh Potassium a pai tam.

4. Taksa a natna do tu a ti chak a, tlang hrileng leh thil dang lakah min veng thei a ni.

5. Zun thlum nei tan chaw tha a ni a, Cholesterol a ti hniam thei.

6. Thisen sang a veng thei

7. Millets hian fibre a pai hnem a, soluble leh insoluble a pai hnem a, hei hian pum pai a ti nuam a, ek khal leh ril lam chak lo te tan a tha em em a ni.

 

            Lung lam natna nei tan Millets a tha

1.    Millet hian Magnesium a pai avangin lungphu phut dan dik a siam thei a.

2.    Millets hian Protein chi khat adiponectin a pai avangin Lung tihrawl a ti hrisel bawk a ni.

3.    Millets hian Vitamin B3 (Niacin) a pai avangin lungnatna tam tak lak atangin min veng thei a ni.

Rilru a ti Hrisel thei

1.    Millets hian Amino Acid chikhat Tryptophan a pai hnem avangin Depression leh Anxiety lakah min veng thei a ni.

2.    2014 a Research a a lan dan chuan Tryptophan hian rilru lam a harsatna nasa takin a chhawk thei a ni.

Zun thlum nasa takin a veng thei

1.   2021 a Research a a lan dan chuan Millets hian Tyoe 2 Diabetes a ven thei a, thisen a glucose level sang lutuk tur pawh a veng thei a ni. 

2.   Adiponectin level a san hian Insulin sensitivity a ti tha thei a ngaih a ni.

            Thau lutuk lakah min veng thei

1.  2021 a Research ah tho hian thau lutuk lakah Millets hian min veng thei a, cholesterol level a ti hniam thei bawk a, thau tan chaw tha leh rihna ti tla hniam thei tu tha tak a ni.

            A thatna dang te

            1.  Cancer timur thang tur a veng thei

            2.  Hliam a ti dam hma

            3.  Ruh a ti hrisel

            4.  Anti-fungal leh Anti-microbial property a nei.