Oats - Ran Chaw Chin Dan

 

OATS (Avena sativa L.) Chin Dan

  - Dr. C. Lalhriatpuia

 

Oats hi thlasik (Rabi) lai a chin chi ran chaw pawimawh ber pakhat a ni a. Oats hi ran chaw atan a hring, a ro emaw Silage a siam atan hman thin a ni a. Ar chaw, bawng chaw, beram chaw, kel chaw leh ran dang pek atan a tha hle mai a. A hrin lai hian 10 -12% protein a pai a. Chaw tha pai tam zawng hi Oats kan seng hunah a in nghat thui hle. Ran tan a chaw tha – Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium leh Potassium te tha hnem tak a pai a, ran in an ngeih hle a ni.

Source : www.senova.uk.com

Origin & History

Eng tik hun atang leh khawi hmun atangin nge Oats hi chin tan a nih dan hriat a ni tawh lova. Asia Minor atanga lo chhuak ni a rin a ni a, ‘Bromos’ emaw ‘Avena’ tiin hman lai Greek ho leh Latin ho chuan an koh thin tih erawh hriat a ni a. India ramah pawh eng tik hunlai atanga chin tan nge tih hriat a ni chuang lova, hman lai thu ziak then khat Ain-i-Akbari tih ah te chuan a lo chuang daih tawh a, sakawr chaw atan an hman thin thu a in ziak a, kum 1590 vel ah khan lo hman tawh a ni.

 

Area & Distribution

Khawvel-ah chuan 13.9 Million hectares a zauah chin a ni a. Khawvel a Oats ching nasa zual ram te chu- Russia, Canada, Poland, China, France leh Australia te an ni. India ramah chuan Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh ah te an ching nasa a, tam tham vak lova ching ve te chu Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar leh West Bengal te an ni.

 

Boruak Mamawh Dan

Oats than duhna ber chu boruak vawt leh hnawngah a ni. Oats hian boruak vawt a mamawh hunlai te chu- a chi a tiah hunlai te, a par hunlai te, a rah a insiam hunlai te hi a ni a. A par hunlai leh a rah insiam hunlai a khua a lum chuan a chhiat pui hle thin. 15 - 25℃ vel ah hian Oats te hi an thang duang hle. Buh (rice) tih lohah chuan Cereal chhungkaw zingah tui mamawh hnem ber a ni hial a. Tui tamna hmunah lo chuan chin hlawh tlin a har viau. Oats hian vur an haw hran lova, -15 ℃ vel a vawt thlengin an tuar thei a ni.

 

Lei Mamawh Dan

Oats hi eng leilung-ah pawh a chin theih a, lei al leh tui tlinna hmunah erawh chin loh tur a ni. Oats te hian lei thur an ngam viau laiin lei al ah erawh an tha hlei thei lo thin. Lei tha hmun a chin hian an thar a hlawk bik em em a, chu tih rualin lei a that vak loh pawhin an thar ve tho thin.

A Chi leh a tuh dan

Oats hi ran chaw atan a hman ber a nih avangin a chi hi a theh in an theh mai thin a. Duh thu samah erawh chuan ngil tak a tuh a tha ber a, 100 Kg hi tin 2 leh a chanve hmun (1 Hectare) a chin atan a tawk viau mai. Feet chanve vel a inkar hlatah tuh theih ni se, October thla tawp lam emaw November thla lai hawl vel a tuh hi a tawk viau thin a ni.

 

Leitha Pek Dan

Buh leh cereals dang te aiin chaw tha emaw fertilizer a mamawh tlem zawk a. Nitrogen 60 Kg hi tin 2 leh a chanve hmun a pek atan a tawk vel a, lei tha chu chin hma deuh a lo theh lawk mai tur a ni. Chin atanga ni 25 – 30 velah Nitrogen dang 20 Kg theh leh ni se, 10 Kg dang leh chu a kung tan/lak a nih atanga ni 10 ah theh leh theih ni se. Phosphorus 40 Kg pek tel hi a tha em em a, a thar a ti hlawkin a peng a ti tam duh hle a ni.

 

Tui Pek Dan

Chin hmain lei tih hnawn nan tui lo pek sa a tha hle a, chu bak chu seng a nih hma in vawi 3 emaw vawi 4 pek a tawk viau mai. Chin hma a lei tih hnawn nan a tui kan pek bakah thla tin vawi 1 tal tui pek tur a ni mai a. A kung ran chaw atan a kan lak zawh apiangin tui hi pek bawk tur a ni a, hei hian a kung than leh zelna turah nasa takin a pui thin a ni. Tui nasa lutuk a pek erawh chuan lei tha leh fertilizer kan pek tawh sa te a ti luang ral mai mai thin tih hriat tur a ni a. Tui pek miah loh emaw tui awm lohna hmun a chin chuan a kung a thang tha thei hauh lova, ran chaw tur mumal takin a thar theih hauh loh thin a ni.

 

Hlo Thlawh Dan

Oats te hi ran chaw atan a chin a nih chuan bit tak a chin a ni thin a, chuvang chuan hlo thlawh a ngai hauh lo thin a. Hlo a tam lutuk erawh chuan a kung than a that zawk nan vawi khat emaw hlo han thlawh ve chu a tha viau mai.

 

Natna leh Rannung Ei Chhetu

Rannung hi chuan Oats hi a ei chhe mang hauh lova. Fanghmir leh tlumpi hian an lo bawm ve fo thin avang erawh chuan ven ve a ngai thin a, a nih loh chuan a kung an ti chhe nasa thin hle. Tlumpi leh fanghmir ven nan hian Carbofuran 3% hman tur a ni a, duh thu samah chuan Oats chi tuh hma a lo theh lawk theih ni se.

      Loose Smut natna hian a tih chhiat ve fo avangin a chi chu tuh emaw theh hmain Vitavax hmangin a chi chiah hma sak vek tur a ni a, hei hian he natna hi a lo veng tlat dawn a ni.

 

Harvesting

Ran chaw atan a kan lak hmasak ber hun tur chu Oats kung chu 2 feet vel a sang a nih emaw ni 50 – 55 velah a ni a, a vawi hnihna chu a rah insiam tirh vel ah lak leh tur a ni. A lak hmasakna ber hi kan tih khaw tlai chuan a kung thang thar leh tur a dal a, a thar a hlawk loh phah thin a, chuvang chuan a lak hmasakna ber hi a hun takah lak tur a ni. Raw chaw quality tha tak kan duh chuan vawi 2 bak lak loh tur a ni. A lak hma sak na ber hi lei atang a zung li (4) bawr velah tan tur a ni a, hei hian a kung thang leh tur a ti tha thin.

 

A Thar Hlawk Dan

Ran chaw atan a chin a nih chuan, (Tin 2 leh a chanve hmun) 1 Hectare ah hian a hringin 500 – 600 quintals vel a thar theih a. Vawi khat bak ran chaw a tan a lak loh, a chi chhuah tur atan a zuah a nih erawh chuan 200 quintals vel a hringin a thar thin a. 30 – 35 quintals vel chi a chhuah bakah a kung ro 25 – 30 quintals vel rawn chaw a tan a hman theih a awm thin a ni.