La hi khawvel awm tirh ata thlai zingah chuan sum lak luh awlsamna leh Economy nghawng thei thlai pawimawh leh hmasa ber pawl a ni a. Khawvel a thlai hmanga sum lakluh theihna hmasa ber leh upa ber a ni mek a ni. La hi India ram hmun hrang hrangah chin mek a ni a, hmar lam Himalaya hmun Punjab-ah te, chhim tawp Kerala-ah te, ruahtui tlak tlem em em na hmun Kutch (Gujarat)-ah te, ruahtui tlak tamna hmun Manipur-ah te an ching mek a.
Khawvel anga ngaihtuah pawhin India hi La ching nasa ber pawl kan ni a. 8 million hectare a zauah chin mek ni mahse khawvel thar chhuah 9% chauh mai hi India hian kan thar chhuak a, kan thar chhuah zat (Productivity) hi a hniam em em a ni.
La hi mihring tan thuamhnaw siam nan kan hmang ber thin a, a chi atangin hriak pawh a sawr chhuah ve theih a ni. Hriak hi 15 - 20 % vel thleng atam a pai ve thei a. Amerika La (American Cotton) hian hriak a pai hnem ber a ni. La chi hriak sawr chhuah tawhna fe leh bangnawi te hi lei ti tha tu a ni a, 6% Nitrogen, 3% Phosphorus leh 2% Potash a pai a ni. Heng hriak sawr tawhna fe te hi ran tan chaw tha tak pawh a ni thei a ni.
Origin and History
India ramah hian hriat phak baka rei La hi chin a lo ni tawh a, kum 5000 liam ta Indus Valley hunlai pawh khan lo chin daih tawh a ni a. Mohenjodaro hunlai pawh khan la hi an lo kaihin thuamhnaw mawi tak takah an lo chhuah tawh a ni. India ram a thuziah hmasa ber Rig Veda-ah pawh khan La chungchang hi ziah lan a ni tawh a, Rig Veda hi Hindu sakhaw lehkhabu hlui ber niin Isua pian hma kum 2000 velah he lehkhabu ah hian La chungchang hi ziah lan a ni tawh a ni. La chin hi India ram atangin Egypt-ah te, Spain-ah leh Italy-ah tih lar leh tih hmuh an ni. La lo chhuahna hmun hi India ram a ni ngei a ni tih ziak hrang hrang-ah a hmuh theih a ni.
Area and Distribution
Khawvela La chinna hmun zawng zawng zau zawng hi 33.1 million hectare niin kum tin La hi 52.1 million tonnes thar chhuah thin a ni. Khawvel a La ching thin ram pawimawh zual te chu - India, USA, Russia, China, Brazil, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Mexico leh Sudan te an ni. Heng ram 10 te hian khawvel a La thar chhuah zawng zawng 85% lai an tum a ni. India ram hi La chinna hmun zau ber a ni mek a, a thar chhuah tam zawngah chuan 4-na kan ni mek thung.
India ram chhunga La ching nasa state te chu- Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Tamil Nadu leh Uttar Pradesh-te an ni. Maharashtra hi India rama La thar chhuak hnem ber niin Gujarat hian a dawt a ni.
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India rama cotton chin tamna hmun
(Source: Google) |
Classification
La hi Malvaceae chhungkua a awm a ni a, a genus chu Gossypium a ni. Gossypium hnuaiah hian species 20 chuang La chi hrang a awm a, chung zinga kaih a thawmhnaw a siam theih te chu-
- Gossypium arborium : Hetiang chi La hi a tlanglawn ber leh chin nasat ber a ni a, a kung a lian tha a, a zai pawh 1.25-2.10 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. La chinna hmun 29% he tiang La hi chin mek a ni.
- Gossypium herbaceum : A kung a lianin a nghet tha a, La zai pawh 1.25-2.30 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. La chinna hmun 21% he tiang La hi chin mek a ni.
- Gossypium hirsutum : Hetiang chi la hi Amerika La (American Cotton) tih bik a ni a, La zai pawh 1.8-3.1 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. La chinna hmun 50% he tiang La hi chin mek a ni.
- Gossypium barbadense : Hetiang chi la hi 'Sea Island Cotton' tih bik a ni a, La zai pawh 3.6-5.0 cm vela sei a ni tlangpui thin. He tiang chi La hi hmun zimte ah chauh chin a ni.
Boruak Mamawh Dan
La hi khaw lum a chin chi thlai a ni a, a tlangpuiin La chin chhung zawng hian khaw lum zawng hi 16° C a ni tur a ni a, ruahtui tlak tam zawng hi 50 cm tal a ni tur a ni. La chi a tiah theih nan khaw lum zawng hi 16°C tal a ni tur a ni a, 21 - 27°C ah La kung a thang tha bik a ni. Khaw lum uchuak lutuk 43°C velah chuan La kung hi a thi mai thin a, 21°C ai a hniam-ah erawh la a thang tha lutuk thei lo thin. A La par insiam tan laiin khua hi 27 - 32°C vel a lum ni thei sela, La par a chhuah tawh hnua ruah nasa tak sur leh tui nasa tak pek hian La par a ti tlem in a ti til thei a. Ni eng tha tak a hmu reng thin tur a ni. Vur tlakna hmunah La a tha thei ngai lova, Altitude (hmun san zawng) 1000 m chung lamah La chin loh tur a ni. La chin hun chhung ni 180 - 240 thleng chu vur a tla tur a ni lo a ni.
Lei Mamawh Dan
La hi lei chi hrang hrangah a chin theih a, lei thil lutuk (sandy soil), lei al lutuk leh tui tlin theihna hmunah erawh chin loh tur a ni. Lei ban lam pangah a tha duh deuh bik a, lei tha hmun, tui fawm tam thei chi lei-ah a tha bik thin. La chinna hmunah reng reng tui a tling thei tur a ni lo.
Lei Sawngbawl Dan tur
La hian zung thuk tak a nei thin a, chuvang chuan La chinna hmun tur chu uluk taka cheh phut thin tur a ni. Lei hi 15-20 cm vel a thuk a leh phut vek tur a ni a, chu mi hnuah na lo deuh in vawi 2/3 lei chu leh nawn leh vek thin tur a ni. Lei leh na hnu lei tlang lian lutuk chu vuak phut leh vek tur a ni. Tui pek tur kan nei tha a nih chuan lei leh zawh velah, La kan chin hmain lei chu hneh takin tui pek vek tur a ni.
A Chi Sawngbawl Dan
La chi hi a kawr a chhah em avangin chin hmain Concentrated Sulphuric Acid ah 'delint' (chiah) tur a ni a, Sulphuric Acid hi 70 cc - 100 cc vel a taka siamin La chi Kg 1 chiah tur a ni.
La chi ei chhe tu chi kha Pink Ball Worm naute te hian La hi a chhung rilah an ei chhe thin a, hei hi Sulphuric Acid khian a ti hlum thin bawk a ni. Natna dang leh rannung dang pawh Sulphuric Acid hian a that hneh hle a, La chi chutiang a sawngbawl tawh chu rei lo te-ah a to thuai thuai thin. Chemical hmanga La chi hi kan chiah thei lo a nih hlauh chuan bawngek, mei vap leh tui nen a chiarin kan nuai pawlh tur a ni a, chutiang a La chi nuai tawh chu dai hlimah dah ro tur a ni. La chi chu rannung leh natna in a ei chhiat loh nan Emisan 5 g, streptocycline 1g leh succinic acid 1 g te nen tui litre 10-ah darkar hnih chhung chiah tur a ni, hei hi La chi Kg 6-8 thleng a pawlh tawk viau in a rinawm.
Seed rate & Spacing
Thlai chi mamawh zat tur hi a variety a zir zel a ni tlangpui thin a, Amerika La bikah chuan 15 - 25 Kg vel hi 1 Hectare ah a tawk viau a, India ram a kan chin tam chi-ah erawh hi chuan 10 - 18 Kg vel hi Hectare 1 ah a tawk viau a ngaih a ni.
La chi chu 60x30x30 cm vel a inkar hlatah chin tur a ni. He ti hian hmun hectare 1 ah La kung 50,000 - 80,000 lai a awm thei dawn tihna a nih chu.
Sowing Time and Method
A hun tak a chin hi a thar tam nan a pawimawh hle mai. Hma lutuk emaw tlai lutuk a La chin hian a thar a ti tlem thei em em mai a, fimkhur viau tur a ni. India hmar lamah chuan May thla kar 2-na velah La hi chin tur a ni, a tlai berah May 25 ai a tlai tur a ni lo. India ram laili ah erawh chuan 15th - 25th May inkarah chin tur a ni. Ruah tui tlak velah chin nghal vat vat mai tur. Tamil Nadu velah chuan khua a lum that avangin September leh October thla velah an ching mai thin.
Thlai chi chu a bi uluk tak a siam in a bi-ah thlak mai tur a ni, Line sowing hi a thar a tam thin bik avangin tih theih hram a tha hle. Thlai bi thuk zawng hi 4-5 cm vel a ni tur a ni a, thlai bi a thuk lutuk chuan a to muang a, thuk loh lutuk erawh chuan La chi chu a ro mai thin a, tiak tur a awm lo thin.
Leitha pek Dan tur
La hian leitha a hip nasa in a mamawh hnem em em mai a, La thar tam tur chuan leitha pek nasat a ngai viau mai. Bawngek lei tha kan pe dawn a nih chuan 15-20 tonnes lai mai La chinna hmun zau zawng hectare 1-ah a ngai a ni.
Chemical fertilizer kan pe dawn a nih erawh chuan 80-100 Kg Nitrogen, 30 Kg Potassium, 40 Kg Potash te kan pe tur a ni. Potassium leh Potash fertilizer te hi thlai chi kan tuh hunlaiin a vaiin vawikhatah pek nghal vek tur a ni a. Nitrogen bik erawh a chanve hi La chi kan tuh laiin pek theih ni sela, a chanve dang erawh chu a par hmasa ber a chhuah hunah pek chauh tur a ni thung.
Tui Mamawh Dan
La chin atanga ni 45 velah tui pek theih ni sela a tha hle a, tui pek hnem hian a kung a than tir vak a, a tha ber lem lo. Ni 45 hnuah chuan tui hi nasa lutuk lovin kar 2 dan zelah pek mai thin tur a ni. La a par tawh hnuah chuan tui nei lo leh ro lutuk a dah an tha lova, a par a til nasa in a thar a tlem phah thei a ni. La kung la naupang te hian tui tling an haw em em mai a ni, tui pek hun laiin tui tih tlin miah loh tur a ni.
Hlo thlawh Dan tur
La kung te hi hlo hian an ti buai nasa ve thei em em mai a, ni 50-60 an tlin hma phei chuan hnim leh hlo lakah La chu ven a thlawhfai emaw damdawi a kah reng thin tur a ni. Hlo tur atan Fluchloralin emaw Alachlor te hman a tha hle.
Harvesting
La thar chu vawi 2 emaw vawi li lai kut in a lak mai tur a ni. La kan lak chu hnah thel, hmawlh emaw a kung tang ro te nen chawh pawlh miah loin lak tur a ni a, La chu a ro tha hle tur a ni. India hmar lamah chuan La hi October thla velah a vawikhat nan a lawh theih tawh thin a, a vawi hnih lawhna erawh November thla velah tih thin tur a ni. La kan lak tawh sa chu hmun hnawng ah emaw tui awm theihna ah dah miah lo tur a ni a, hei hi La quality a ti chhe vek thei a ni.
La hi dik tak a enkawl chuan 1 Hectare ah 15-20 quintals vel a tam lai a thar theih a, Hydrid ah phei chuan 25-30 q/ha lai a tam a thar chhuak thei a ni.
(Part 2 ah La eichhetu rannung leh natna enkawl dan ziah kan tum leh dawn nia.)
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La par
(Source: Google) |
