SERTHLUM
CHINDAN
Hming: Serthlum
Sap hming: Mandarin
Scientific Name: Citrus reticulata
Family: Rutaceae
Mandarin / Serthlum hi India ramah
chuan ser (Citrus) zing a chin tam ber a ni a. Ser lam chi kan chin zawng zawng
zing a za zel a sawmnga (50%) hi serthlum hian a awh a ni. Serthlum hi India
ram state tin ah chin ni mahse a thar tam zual state an awm a, Nagpur Santra
(Serthlum chikhat) bik hi India ram lai li (Central India) Satpura tlangdung
vel ah an ching nasa hle mai a. Darzeeling tlang dung velah leh Karnataka ah te
pawh serthlum hi an ching nasa hle bawk a ni. India khawthlang lam - Punjab,
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir velah chuan Kinnow serthlum an
ching nasa hle bawk. India hmarchhak lam Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Sikkim
leh Arunachal Pradesh ah te pawh serthlum hi thahnem tak kan ching mek a ni.
Boruak leh Lei
Mamawh Dan:
Serthlum hian khawvawt lutuk lo leh khawlum lutuk lo, vur
in a hmeh lohna tur boruak a mamawh a. Tlangram hmun sang deuh, 370 - 1500
meter (above MSL) vel a hmun sang ah an tha duh hle a. Khawlum lam 10 - 35
degree Celsius vel hi a mamawh tawk a ni. India ram hmun dang zawng zawng aiin
NE India (India hmarchhak lam) ah serthlum hi a tha duh bik a ngaih a ni. A
rawng a mawi bik bakah serthlum pawh a tui duh bik a ni.
Serthlum hi lei chi hrang hrang ah chin theih mahse; lei thawl lam, leitha
hmun lei ban lutuk lo a mamawh a. Tui tlin theih lohna hmun, lei al lutuk lo
leh thur lutuk lo (pH 6.0 - 8.0) vel a mamawh a ni.
Serthlum chi
hrang hrang te -
1. Coorg
Serthlum: India khawthlang
lamah chuan serthlum chin nasat ber a ni. Serthlum thang duang tak, hnah nghah
tak leh hling nei chi a ni. February - March velah a hmin thin.
2. Khasi
Serthlum: Hetiang serthlum hi India hmarchhak lamah kan ching nasa hle, a
bikin Assam ah leh Meghalaya ah te. Sikkim serthlum ti in emaw Kamala Serthlum
toih pawh in an koh thin bawk a ni. A kung a lian vak lova, hnah ngah tak a ni
a, hling nei chi leh nei lo chi pawh a awm bawk a ni.
3. Nagpur
Serthlum: Serthlum tui tak a
ni a, khawvel a serthlum tui ber pawl ni te pawh in an chhal hian thin. Ponkan tih
hming pawh in an koh thin a ni. January - February vel ah a lawh theih thin.
4. Kinnow
Serthlum: Thlahpawlh (Hybrid)
a ni a, King leh Willow leaf serthlum thlahpawlh a ni. USA lam chhuak niin
Punjab ramah lakluh hmasak ber a ni. January thlalai hawl velah a hmin thin.
Serthlum Chin Pun Dan:
Serthlum hi a chi atang a tih pun a
ni deuh ber a, Kinnow leh Nagpur tih loh chu. India hmarchhak, Coorg leh Assam
ah te chuan a chi tiak hi kan phun ber thin. Mahse khawvel thiamna sang zel ah
serthlum rah tui tha leh hmelmawi tak neih kan duh theuh avang in a chi atang a
chin hi kan bansan hret hret zel a ni.
A Chi atang a
chin dan: Serthlum tha tak
nei tur chuan Serthlum chi tha, hmin rual tak, a kung tha leh rah tui bik
atangin a chi kan la tur a ni. Serthlum chi chu kan lak chhuah velah vaivut
emaw mei vap nen han nuai pawlh ila, chu mi zawh ah dai hlim ah kan dah ro leh
ang. Serthlum chi chu rang tak a chin mai zel tur a ni a, serthlum chi tharlam
tak chauh hman tur a ni. A chi chu 2 - 3cm a inkar hlat ah thlak thin tur a ni.
Thlakhat hnu velah a lo tiak tan thin. Serthlum chi hi polyembryonic a ni a, a
chi dik tak lo to chhuak hi a than a thut bik bakah a rah a tha duh lo deuh bik
a, chuvang chuan a tiah velah paih fai thin mai tur a ni. A chi tha chauh zuah
a phun sawn thin tur a ni.
Budding hmang
a chin pun dan: Budding dan
hrang hrang zing ah T - budding hi hman lar zual a ni a. Budding ah chuan a
zung lam (Rootstock) tur leh a kung lam (Scion) tur te lak tel a ngai thin.
Rough Lemon, Rangpu lime, Cleopatra, Troyer Citrange leh Karna Khatta te hi a
zung lam (Root stock) atan a hman a tha hle a, lei chhe hmun leh serthlum tam
leh natna hrang hrang lakah serthlum a veng thei thin a ni.
A kung tur (scion) lamah chuan
Serthlum tha bik, a rah tui leh rah tam kan hmang tur a ni a. A scion kan lakna
tur kungpui pawh hrisel tha tak, natna lak a fihlim leh thang duang tak kan
hmang tur a ni.
SERTHLUM CHIN DAN
A phun dan: A tlangpuiin serthlum hi fur lai emaw fur hma hret a phun
thin a ni a. Tlangram leh hmun awih tlan deuh ah chuan terrace siam in serthlum
hi phun thin a tha hle a, hmun zawl ah erawh chuan terrace siam kher lo in lei
rual rem tha tak ah phun thin a ni. Serthlum chu khur laih a phun tur a ni a, a
khur chu 50cm X 50cm X 50cm vel a thuk leh zau in, a kil zau zawng leh thui
zawng in chen vek a laih thin a ni. A khur leh khur inkar ah 4.5 - 6 meter a zau
hmunawl kan zuah thin tur a ni. Chutiang a kan phun chuan ram tin 2 leh a
chanve hmun ah serthlum kung 350 vel kan nei thei dawn a ni. India hmarchhak
lamah chuan Khasi serthlum kan tih te khi bichilh tak a phun thin a ni a, 4.5 m
vel a khur inkar ah hmun awl zuah thin a nih avang in ser kung a leng tam deuh
bik thin a, kung 500 lai te pawh a leng thei a ni. Punjab leh Haryana ah chuan
a khur inkar hi 5m X 4.5 m hi Kinnow serthlum chin na a tan a tha tawk hle a
ngaih a ni. Kinnow serthlum te hi a zung lam a Troyer Citrange hman a nih chuan
bichilh tak a phun pawhin a tha hle ni a hriat a ni a, 1.8 m X 1.8 m vel a khur
in kar a zuah in serthlum kung 3000 lai a phun theih thin a ni. Hetiang hi High
Density Planting tih hming vuah a ni a, serthlum rah pawh a tui viau thin nghe
nghe.
Train dan leh
A zar thlak dan: Serthlum kung chu duhthusam ah chuan sang
lutuk tur a ni lova. Hetiang serthlum nei tur chuan a zar thlak leh hrem a
pawimawh hle mai. Serthlum kung chu a la naupan laiin kan train in a zar
tangkai lo tur te kan paih fai tur a ni a, a lo len hun ah zar mumal tak leh
enkawl awlsam tak pawh a neih theih phah thin a ni. Serthlum kungpui ah chuan
zar mumal tak, a pui deuh bik tur tha tak 4 - 6 kan siam thin tur a ni a. A zar
hniam ber chu lei atang a teh a 50 cm a sang tal a ni bawk tur a ni. Serthlum
kung a lo puitlin tawh chuan a zar thlak ngai a awm meuh tawh lova. Chuvang
chuan a naupan laiin uluk tak in a kung than len dan tur kan duang lawk thin
tur a ni. A puitlin tawh hnu ah chuan a zar chhe lai te, rannung leh natna in a
ei chhiat te, a zar in nawt thei leh a zar chak lo bik te chauh kan paih fai
tawh tur a ni.Water sprout leh suckers te erawh paih fai reng thin tur a ni. A
zarthlak hi a kung a la naupan lai chuan engtik hunah pawh tih theih a ngaih a
ni a, mahse serkung a rah tawh erawh chuan thlasik tawp lam leh khawlum tan lamah
te chauh a zar thlak thin tur a ni.
Leitha pek dan
tur: Serthlum kung te
hian rah tha tak chhuah tur chuan leitha leh fertilizer te nen a mamawh tawk
chauh a chawm a mamawh ve a. Leitha leh fertilizer te uluk leh fimkhur tak a
pek loh chuan serthlum kungin a chhiat phah vek thei thung a ni.
Serthlum in a mamawh tawk leitha pek
dan tur duan fel hi thil hriatthiam har tak a ni a, lei dinhmun a zir a nih
avang in leitha hmun ah chuan fertilizer pek a ngaih tlem laiin lei a that loh
chuan fertilizer a mamawh tam thung a. Hetiang hi a nih avang in hmun hrang
hrang ah lei tha an mamawh dan a dang zel a ni.
Akhur chhilh laiin bawngek leitha 20
- 25kg leh 0.4 CAN te lei nen a chawhpawlh a chhilh nan a hman tel a tha hle a.
Serthlum kung phun hnu kumkhatna ah chuan NPK 90gm vel pek thin a tha a,
serthlum kung chu a upat hnu ah kan leitha pek pawh kan ti tam telh telh tur a
ni a, kum sarih an nih tawh chuan 450g NP leh 900g K tek tawh tur a ni a, kum
sarih ai a upa an nih thleng pawh in hei hi pek tawh tur a ni.
Serkung kumkhatna ah chuan bawngek
leitha hi vawikhat chauh pek a tawk a, a lo upat hnuah erawh vawi 2 - 3 te pawh
pek a tha hle a ni. Fertilizer kan pek in P leh K te chu vawikhatah a dose pek
zawh nghal mai tur a nih laiin N fertilizer erawh vawi hnih vawi thum pek ah
kan hmang thin tur a ni. India ram hmun then khat ah chuan bawngek leitha hi
kumkhatah vawihnih an pe thin a, June ah vawi khat leh a vawi hnihna chu a rah
lawh hnu December emaw January ah te an pe leh thin. Fertilizer pek dan tur hi a
kung bul ah, a kung atang a feet khat vel a hla ah a bial / kual in kan pe mai
tur a ni. Fertilizer pek zawh velah tui pek nghal a tha hle mai.
Thlai Dang
Chin Pawlh / Intercropping: Serthlum
kung inkarah thlai dang chin pawlh hian sum hmuhna dang min siam bakah hnim to
tur te a veng a, lei a tih hnawn bakah leitha luang ral tur te a veng tel thin
a ni. Chuvang chuan thlaidang chin pawlh theih tur ngaihven hi a tha hle mai.
Thai chin pawlh tur chi chu a zung kaih thuk lo chi leh rei tak dam lo tur chi
te ni thei se. Be lam chi te hi chin pawlh tur chi tak a ni. Serthlum in rah a
chhuah tawh erawh chuan thlai dang nen a chin pawlh tawh loh a tha thung a ni.
Tui pek dan
tur: Tui a mamawh tawk
chauh a pek tur a ni a, lei a ro lutuk in thlai a that theih loh ang chiah in
tui tam leh lutuk pek chu thlai tan a tha chuang lo a ni. Serthlum kung hian
thlai leh thei dang te aiin tui a mamawh hnem bik hle a, a chhan ber chu
kumtluan a hring reng leh hnah tlak hun a neih ve loh vang a ni. Thlasik laiin
tui ni 10 - 15 inkar dan ah pek thin tur a nih laiin nipui lai chuan ni 5 - 7
inkarah tui pek thin tur a ni.
Serthlum zung hi 120cm vel a zau leh
25 cm vel a thuk ah a bit deuh bik avangin tui tam leh lutuk vawikhat a pek
teuh hi a kung in a ngeih lo thin a. Serthlum par insiam tan tirh, a rah insiam
tan tirh leh tan lai te in tui pek ngei ngei tur a ni. Serthlum hian tui tling
a haw em em a, chuvang chuan tui tlin theihna tur awm ang serkung bulah khuar
lian leh lei rualrem lo chu siam that zel thin tur a ni.
Hlo Thlawh Dan
tur: Hnim leh hlo te
hian ser huan leh nursery te a bawm nasa duh hle a. Hnim leh hlo tam tak chu
tuthlawh te leh kut te pawh a pawh chhuah mawlh mawlh mai tur a ni. Damdawi
hmang a hlo kah pawh a tha hle mai a. Damdawi Hlo tur chi hrang hrang a awm teuh
mai a, chung zing ah chuan Diuron, Bromosil
leh Atrazine te hi an hmang uar viau a ni. Glyphosate hi hnah tung chi
thah nan a tha hle bawk a ni.
A Rah lawh dan
tur:
Serthlum rah chu a lawh hun dik tak
ah chauh lawh tur a ni. A rah lawh hun dik a lawh hian hlep a tam duh bik bakah
a rah pawh a dah rei theih bik a ni. Thlai dang ang lo takin serthlum rah hi
dah hmin theih a ni ve lova. A rah chu lian tha tak, rawng mawi tak leh thlum
tui tawk chauh ah lawh thin tur a ni a, India ramah pawh a rah lawh hun a in
ang lo nual a, a hnuai a mi ang hian -
Region Main
crop Off
season
North Western
Plains Dec - Feb
North Eastern
India Nov - February April - May
Central India February - March Oct. - Nov.
South India Dec - April July - August
Sawi tawh ang in a rah lawh hun dik
a lawh chuan a rah a dah that theih rei bik a. A rah lawh leh phurh kual vel
laiin a rah hliam loh hram hram tur a ni. A zar atang a pawh thlawn tawp hian a
kawr then khat kan pawh hliam thin avang in natna hrang hrang te'n an bawm zui
duh viau a, chuvang chuan chem hriam tak nen a a hnun nen a zai chhun hi a
finthlak hle a ni.
Serthlum hian Kum 4 a nih vel
atangin rah a chhuah tan thin a, mahse rah a chhuah hnem hun lai ber chu kum 10
a tlin hnu lam ah a ni thin.
